Loperamide (CED0003051)

Loperamide is an organic compound with the formula C29H33ClN2O2 and an average molecular weight of 477.04 g/mol. Loperamide belongs to the diphenylmethanes, a subclass of benzene and substituted derivatives within the organic compounds. It is utilized as a treatment for diarrhea (PMC11824862, PMC12587445). Among its nine recorded protein targets, it acts as an agonist, blocker, inhibitor, or modulator of the Mu-type opioid receptor (OPRM1), Delta-type opioid receptor (OPRD1), Voltage-dependent P/Q-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1A (CACNA1A), and Pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC), along with five other proteins. The compound has been found in or released from 29 recorded sources. These include aquatic systems and sediments such as seawater, freshwater, groundwater, and surface water, as well as drinking water and water supply sources including bottled, tap, desalinated, and drinking water. It is also present in wastewater, sanitation, and biosolids, including mine wastewater, industrial wastewater, wastewater treatment effluent, and unspecified wastewater. Additionally, it is found in household cleaning and consumer products such as perfumes within detergents and soaps, soap detergents, cigar cigarettes, non-electric simulated smoking devices, and other smoking requisites. Other sources include appliances and HVAC/refrigerants like water heaters and water coolers, as well as electrical and electronic equipment including fixed capacitors and their manufacture, electrically stimulated smoking devices, and conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials. Six more sectors have been recorded. Recorded exposure routes for loperamide include touch, oral, and inhalation.