L-Cystine (CED0001338)

Record Information
Version1.0
Creation Date2016-05-22 05:43:49 UTC
Update Date2026-05-14 16:24:13 UTC
Accession NumberCHEM018976
Identification
Common NameL-Cystine
ClassSmall Molecule
Description
L-Cystine is an organic compound with the formula C6H12N2O4S2 and an average molecular weight of 240.30 g/mol. L-Cystine belongs to the amino acids, peptides, and analogues, a subclass of carboxylic acids and derivatives within the organic compounds. This compound interacts with two recorded protein targets: cystinosin (CTNS) and the cystine/glutamate transporter (SLC7A11). In industrial applications, L-Cystine is utilized as a filler, a flavouring and nutrient, a deodorizer, and an anti-static agent. It is also employed as a conditioner and softener. L-Cystine has been identified in nine recorded sources, including drinking water and the preparation of vinegar. It is also found in household cleaning and consumer products, such as pipe accessories, non electric simulated smoking devices, and cigar cigarettes. Additionally, it is present in electrical and electronic equipment, specifically television systems, electric switches, antennas, and emergency protective devices. The recorded exposure route for this compound is oral.
Contaminant TypeNot Available
Chemical Structure
Synonyms
ValueSource
(R,R)-3,3'-Dithiobis(2-aminopropanoic acid)ChEBI
(R-(R*,r*))-3,3'-dithiobis(2-aminopropanoic acid)ChEBI
3,3'-Dithiobis-L-alanineChEBI
beta,Beta'-diamino-beta,beta'-dicarboxydiethyl disulfideChEBI
beta,Beta'-dithiodialanineChEBI
Bis(beta-amino-beta-carboxyethyl) disulfideChEBI
e921ChEBI
L-alpha-Diamino-beta-dithiolactic acidChEBI
L-DicysteineChEBI
Oxidized L-cysteineChEBI
(R,R)-3,3'-Dithiobis(2-aminopropanoate)Generator
(R-(R*,r*))-3,3'-dithiobis(2-aminopropanoate)Generator
b,Beta'-diamino-b,beta'-dicarboxydiethyl disulfideGenerator
b,Beta'-diamino-b,beta'-dicarboxydiethyl disulphideGenerator
beta,Beta'-diamino-beta,beta'-dicarboxydiethyl disulphideGenerator
Β,beta'-diamino-β,beta'-dicarboxydiethyl disulfideGenerator
Β,beta'-diamino-β,beta'-dicarboxydiethyl disulphideGenerator
b,Beta'-dithiodialanineGenerator
Β,beta'-dithiodialanineGenerator
Bis(b-amino-b-carboxyethyl) disulfideGenerator
Bis(b-amino-b-carboxyethyl) disulphideGenerator
Bis(beta-amino-beta-carboxyethyl) disulphideGenerator
Bis(β-amino-β-carboxyethyl) disulfideGenerator
Bis(β-amino-β-carboxyethyl) disulphideGenerator
L-a-Diamino-b-dithiolactateGenerator
L-a-Diamino-b-dithiolactic acidGenerator
L-alpha-Diamino-beta-dithiolactateGenerator
L-Α-diamino-β-dithiolactateGenerator
L-Α-diamino-β-dithiolactic acidGenerator
(-)-CystineHMDB
(R-(R*,r*))-3,3'-dithiobisHMDB
2-Amino-3-(2-amino-2-carboxy-ethyl)disulfanyl-propanoateHMDB
2-Amino-3-(2-amino-2-carboxy-ethyl)disulfanyl-propanoic acidHMDB
2-Amino-3-[(2-amino-2-carboxyethyl)dithio]propanoateHMDB
2-Amino-3-[(2-amino-2-carboxyethyl)dithio]propanoic acidHMDB
3,3'-DithiobisHMDB
3,3'-Dithiobis[2-amino-[R-(r*,r*)]-propanoateHMDB
3,3'-Dithiobis[2-amino-[R-(r*,r*)]-propanoic acidHMDB
3,3'-DithiodialanineHMDB
b,B'-diamino-b,b'-dicarboxydiethyl disulfideHMDB
b,B'-dithiodialanineHMDB
beta,Beta'-dithiobisalanineHMDB
Bis(b-amino-beta-carboxyethyl) disulfideHMDB
Cysteine disulfideHMDB
CystinHMDB
CystineHMDB
Cystine acidHMDB
D(+)-3,3'-Dithiobis(2-aminopropanoateHMDB
D(+)-3,3'-Dithiobis(2-aminopropanoic acidHMDB
DicysteineHMDB
GelucystineHMDB
L-(-)-CystineHMDB
L-Cysteine disulfideHMDB
L-CystinHMDB
[R-(R*,r*)]-3,3'-dithiobisHMDB
L CystineHMDB
Copper cystinateHMDB
L-CystineKEGG
Chemical FormulaC6H12N2O4S2
Average Molecular Mass240.300 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass240.024 g/mol
CAS Registry Number56-89-3
IUPAC Name(2R)-2-amino-3-{[(2R)-2-amino-2-carboxyethyl]disulfanyl}propanoic acid
Traditional NameL-cystine
SMILESN[C@@H](CSSC[C@H](N)C(O)=O)C(O)=O
InChI IdentifierInChI=1S/C6H12N2O4S2/c7-3(5(9)10)1-13-14-2-4(8)6(11)12/h3-4H,1-2,7-8H2,(H,9,10)(H,11,12)/t3-,4-/m0/s1
InChI KeyLEVWYRKDKASIDU-IMJSIDKUSA-N
Chemical Taxonomy
Description Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as l-cysteine-s-conjugates. L-cysteine-S-conjugates are compounds containing L-cysteine where the thio-group is conjugated.
KingdomOrganic compounds
Super ClassOrganic acids and derivatives
ClassCarboxylic acids and derivatives
Sub ClassAmino acids, peptides, and analogues
Direct ParentL-cysteine-S-conjugates
Alternative Parents
Substituents
  • L-cysteine-s-conjugate
  • Alpha-amino acid
  • L-alpha-amino acid
  • Dicarboxylic acid or derivatives
  • Organic disulfide
  • Dialkyldisulfide
  • Amino acid
  • Sulfenyl compound
  • Carboxylic acid
  • Organopnictogen compound
  • Organic nitrogen compound
  • Primary amine
  • Organosulfur compound
  • Organooxygen compound
  • Organonitrogen compound
  • Primary aliphatic amine
  • Organic oxygen compound
  • Carbonyl group
  • Hydrocarbon derivative
  • Amine
  • Organic oxide
  • Aliphatic acyclic compound
Molecular FrameworkAliphatic acyclic compounds
External Descriptors
Biological Properties
StatusDetected and Not Quantified
OriginNot Available
Cellular LocationsNot Available
Biofluid LocationsNot Available
Tissue LocationsNot Available
ApplicationsNot Available
Biological RolesNot Available
Chemical RolesNot Available
Organoleptic EffectsNot Available
Physical Properties
StateNot Available
AppearanceNot Available
Experimental Properties
PropertyValue
Melting PointNot Available
Boiling PointNot Available
SolubilityNot Available
Predicted Properties
PropertyValueSource
Water Solubility16.8 g/LALOGPS
logP-3.2ALOGPS
logP-5.9ChemAxon
logS-1.2ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)1.56ChemAxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)9.34ChemAxon
Physiological Charge0ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count6ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count4ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area126.64 ŲChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count7ChemAxon
Refractivity54.87 m³·mol⁻¹ChemAxon
Polarizability22.77 ųChemAxon
Number of Rings0ChemAxon
BioavailabilityYesChemAxon
Rule of FiveYesChemAxon
Ghose FilterNoChemAxon
Veber's RuleNoChemAxon
MDDR-like RuleNoChemAxon
Spectra
Spectra
Spectrum TypeDescriptionSplash KeyDeposition DateView
GC-MSGC-MS Spectrumsplash10-00kb-0950000000-a803bc05843192dd737dNot AvailableView Spectrum
GC-MSGC-MS Spectrumsplash10-00kb-0940000000-f82b905ef9e7c9e47552Not AvailableView Spectrum
GC-MSGC-MS Spectrumsplash10-00di-9850000000-49b9a52a8387d6d6f272Not AvailableView Spectrum
GC-MSGC-MS Spectrumsplash10-014j-1970000000-9576699202733d4fd7edNot AvailableView Spectrum
GC-MSGC-MS Spectrumsplash10-00kb-0950000000-a803bc05843192dd737dNot AvailableView Spectrum
GC-MSGC-MS Spectrumsplash10-00di-9850000000-49b9a52a8387d6d6f272Not AvailableView Spectrum
GC-MSGC-MS Spectrumsplash10-014j-1970000000-9576699202733d4fd7edNot AvailableView Spectrum
GC-MSGC-MS Spectrumsplash10-00kb-0930000000-7cb336c3f272fd0fcd6bNot AvailableView Spectrum
GC-MSGC-MS Spectrumsplash10-00kb-0920000000-1c414573da4bbe4a66ddNot AvailableView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrumsplash10-0076-9400000000-211575093fd775db5d54Not AvailableView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrumsplash10-0076-9112000000-ee49e3b674a4f8bb9ecdNot AvailableView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS SpectrumNot AvailableNot AvailableView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS SpectrumNot AvailableNot AvailableView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS SpectrumNot AvailableNot AvailableView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS SpectrumNot AvailableNot AvailableView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS SpectrumNot AvailableNot AvailableView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS SpectrumNot AvailableNot AvailableView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS SpectrumNot AvailableNot AvailableView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS SpectrumNot AvailableNot AvailableView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS SpectrumNot AvailableNot AvailableView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS SpectrumNot AvailableNot AvailableView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS SpectrumNot AvailableNot AvailableView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS SpectrumNot AvailableNot AvailableView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS SpectrumNot AvailableNot AvailableView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS SpectrumNot AvailableNot AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-0006-0890000000-51a32ee40240e45646bcNot AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-00di-9700000000-4054924ddfb90f120e67Not AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-00di-9100000000-085d45702e61de0f8e4dNot AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-00di-9710000000-9321541af2ad89bd0478Not AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-000i-0090000000-041bfa55cb183f42f454Not AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-000i-0190000000-3611e8b6715129842130Not AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-000i-0190000000-dbafdd64edad14af9281Not AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-000i-0290000000-6b80d283287249ba4b87Not AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-000i-0390000000-c091ce388dfcbd339e3fNot AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-0079-0690000000-c808ac294a0bc182c5ebNot AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-0079-0970000000-36297b29c4ef45c658e3Not AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-00dr-0940000000-a8c735a0f9082cfd7c7cNot AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-00di-1920000000-9d55705325536cca5eb2Not AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-00di-1910000000-cd18de2585913152e907Not AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-00di-1900000000-3118609f8682bee472c6Not AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-00di-2900000000-213ccc3c067486ff9444Not AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-00di-3900000000-df68db23afd937a9a75dNot AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-00di-4900000000-b46d26f57a194d2ff648Not AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-00di-6900000000-5535cccb24de733cada3Not AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-00di-9800000000-ec3d006948ca4f3597f1Not AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-00di-9500000000-840f2f62ff0366b269bfNot AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-00di-9300000000-5647c8c2d2709e2468e6Not AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-00di-9100000000-cd060c036009f7e6a6cbNot AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-00di-9000000000-9191de92b3a294de66f9Not AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-00di-9000000000-44f01cd13c0571612fc2Not AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-00di-0900000000-456c70d4d38ee2df871eNot AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-00di-9000000000-e78011badbaa032f0cdcNot AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-00dr-9000000000-d412f4d1524512959469Not AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-004i-9100000000-b7b19a7e66030ad507f4Not AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-006t-9310000000-f454c1d66581188b4f82Not AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-0uk9-1910000000-49da4257a9cdba1c1c5aNot AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-00di-9300000000-923757781c0005fb0447Not AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-00di-5910000000-f6494961d054473ce022Not AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-006t-9000000000-3a7de969bcebf91981feNot AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-006t-9100000000-a963f8c68d329fd4bc38Not AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-00di-4900000000-6ae47545a46d43459972Not AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-00di-5900000000-ff5ab844ec16ce46dca5Not AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-00di-5930000000-7f9c8607f453ee77223aNot AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-006x-1890000000-513b1f715ced29bc1098Not AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-00di-9000000000-dd10e655535f3721efabNot AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-00di-5900000000-12fa050a22bd91980e10Not AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-0fk9-0910000000-7e9e66de2566555cab38Not AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-0uk9-1910000000-e922f6e15e69a918a0c1Not AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-00di-9300000000-4303020bdc42d90752feNot AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-0006-0090000000-7397e0eeb42a08720f78Not AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-0ukc-0920000000-3dde9f71a82ef91a54aeNot AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-0uk9-0920000000-887b5fe7facbb8e039fdNot AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-0006-0090000000-c59a76ea9613a363186fNot AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-000i-9200000000-a93287d9131558d29d5eNot AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-00di-5900000000-25f421d12c0f993f8ce3Not AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-00di-6900000000-1df71eddc90aa4d48508Not AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-00di-9000000000-75c1b9af487a57802af5Not AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-006x-2980000000-03d0d48e2013f8e95dceNot AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-004i-9100000000-2aa99a3a55f4023a3dcfNot AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-0fk9-1910000000-e885801dc389ba47feedNot AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-00di-9400000000-eb90d0ec27489e5ca0ebNot AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-006t-9100000000-f820bab0eaa39f243e58Not AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-0006-0090000000-7070f9020fcbe941f20bNot AvailableView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-006w-2970000000-b80e0aef184b74ce7a36Not AvailableView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-00re-4910000000-a09277c5a6bfc432eb79Not AvailableView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-00xu-9600000000-0518bfcaab380952c123Not AvailableView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-000i-3590000000-aa667d3c092c5af3ae7fNot AvailableView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-00xr-5910000000-122bd251359ca80b184cNot AvailableView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-00dr-9300000000-bbb14e684ff7c06e7916Not AvailableView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-0wti-2930000000-7fe7f9137644db69dc42Not AvailableView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-02mi-9700000000-89960f4736d67af12354Not AvailableView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-03fr-9000000000-37db51f9b1322e248649Not AvailableView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-0006-0290000000-5af87c1786d67d2ad355Not AvailableView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-00di-6900000000-f31d147cecd4c3a4d2ebNot AvailableView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-05fr-9700000000-fc7833a4b0f6ac4b687bNot AvailableView Spectrum
MSMS Spectrumsplash10-000x-9000000000-ae0f516d71e6a49fe52fNot AvailableView Spectrum
Toxicity Profile
Mechanism of ToxicityNot Available
Carcinogenicity (IARC Classification)Not Available
Minimum Risk LevelNot Available
SymptomsNot Available
TreatmentNot Available
Toxicity Values
Toxicity ValueUnitValue RangeOrganismDose DescriptorRoute of ExposurePredicted or ExperimentalReference
5581.0Log mg/kg[3100:9900]RatLD50oralpredictedNot Available
Health Effects
Health EffectRelationshipDirectionReference
Exposure Sources
Source IDSourceSectorReference
115Drinking waterDrinking water & water supplyNot Available
490Personal care & cosmeticsNot Available
506AntennasElectrical & Electronic EquipmentNot Available
517Electric SwitchesElectrical & Electronic EquipmentNot Available
520Emergency Protective DevicesElectrical & Electronic EquipmentNot Available
537Television SystemsElectrical & Electronic EquipmentNot Available
548Preparation Of VinegarFood, food processing & cookwareNot Available
556Cigar CigarettesHousehold cleaning & consumer productsNot Available
559Non Electric Simulated Smoking DevicesHousehold cleaning & consumer productsNot Available
562Pipe AccessoriesHousehold cleaning & consumer productsNot Available
578Making CigarsIndustrial manufacturing & chemical processingNot Available
613DepilatoriesPersonal care & cosmeticsNot Available
655Slide FastenersTextiles, leather & furnishingsNot Available
657Surface Finishing Of LeatherTextiles, leather & furnishingsNot Available
661UmbrellasTextiles, leather & furnishingsNot Available
663Sanitary EquipmentWastewater, sanitation & biosolidsNot Available
Pathways
1 pathway
Targets
StructureProteinUniProt IDOrganismRelationshipDetails
Click to view 3D structureAspartate-semialdehyde dehydrogenaseO25801Helicobacter pylori (strain ATCC 700392 / 26695) (Campylobacterpylori)Predicted (SEA)0.0778492
Click to view 3D structureAsc-type amino acid transporter 1P63116RatPredicted (SEA)0.0778492
Click to view 3D structureMetabotropic glutamate receptor 8P47743Mus musculusPredicted (SEA)0.467095
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 1 structureClick to view 3D structureGlutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 1P39086HumansPredicted (SEA)0.856341
Click to view 3D structureGlutamate transporter homologO59010Pyrococcus horikoshii (strain ATCC 700860 / DSM 12428 / JCM 9974 /NBRC 100139 / OT-3)Predicted (SEA)0.311397
Click to view 3D structureMetabotropic glutamate receptor 6P35349Rattus norvegicusPredicted (SEA)1.01204
Excitatory amino acid transporter 3 structureClick to view 3D structureExcitatory amino acid transporter 3P43005HumansPredicted (SEA)1.40129
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 2 structureClick to view 3D structureMetabotropic glutamate receptor 2Q14416HumansPredicted (SEA)5.76084
Click to view 3D structureMetabotropic glutamate receptor 4P31423Rattus norvegicusPredicted (SEA)2.95827
Click to view 3D structureMetabotropic glutamate receptor 2P31421Rattus norvegicusPredicted (SEA)3.73676
Click to view 3D structureMetabotropic glutamate receptor 6O15303HumansPredicted (SEA)1.71268
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 1 structureClick to view 3D structureMetabotropic glutamate receptor 1Q13255HumansPredicted (SEA)4.35956
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 2 structureClick to view 3D structureGlutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 2Q13002HumansPredicted (SEA)0.856341
Click to view 3D structureGlutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 1P22756Rattus norvegicusPredicted (SEA)1.63483
Click to view 3D structureS-methylmethionine--homocysteine S-methyltransferase BHMT2Q9H2M3HumansPredicted (SEA)0.778492
Arginase-2, mitochondrial structureClick to view 3D structureArginase-2, mitochondrialP78540HumansPredicted (SEA)0.467095
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 4 structureClick to view 3D structureMetabotropic glutamate receptor 4Q14833HumansPredicted (SEA)8.01847
Click to view 3D structureArginaseQ8I384Plasmodium falciparumPredicted (SEA)0.544945
Click to view 3D structureGlutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 3P42264Rattus norvegicusPredicted (SEA)1.55698
Betaine--homocysteine S-methyltransferase 1 structureClick to view 3D structureBetaine--homocysteine S-methyltransferase 1Q93088HumansPredicted (SEA)0.622794
Click to view 3D structureGlutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 2P42260Rattus norvegicusPredicted (SEA)1.32344
Click to view 3D structureMetabotropic glutamate receptor 8P70579Rattus norvegicusPredicted (SEA)1.63483
Click to view 3D structureGlutamate receptor 4P48058HumansPredicted (SEA)0.934191
Glutamate receptor 2 structureClick to view 3D structureGlutamate receptor 2P42262HumansPredicted (SEA)1.24559
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 8 structureClick to view 3D structureMetabotropic glutamate receptor 8O00222HumansPredicted (SEA)2.33548
Concentrations
Not Available
External Links
DrugBank IDDB00138
HMDB IDHMDB0000192
FooDB IDFDB012672
Phenol Explorer IDNot Available
KNApSAcK IDC00001352
BiGG ID35134
BioCyc IDNot Available
METLIN ID5207
PDB IDNot Available
Wikipedia LinkCystine
Chemspider ID60997
ChEBI ID16283
PubChem Compound ID67678
Kegg Compound IDC00491
YMDB IDYMDB00861
ECMDB IDECMDB00192
References
Synthesis ReferenceNot Available
MSDSNot Available
General References
1. Grossi, Loris; Montevecchi, Pier Carlo. S-Nitrosocysteine and Cystine from Reaction of Cysteine with Nitrous Acid. A Kinetic Investigation. Journal of Organic Chemistry (2002), 67(24), 8625-8630.
2. Melzer N, Wittenburg D, Hartwig S, Jakubowski S, Kesting U, Willmitzer L, Lisec J, Reinsch N, Repsilber D: Investigating associations between milk metabolite profiles and milk traits of Holstein cows. J Dairy Sci. 2013 Mar;96(3):1521-34. doi: 10.3168/jds.2012-5743.
3. Mung D, Li L: Development of Chemical Isotope Labeling LC-MS for Milk Metabolomics: Comprehensive and Quantitative Profiling of the Amine/Phenol Submetabolome. Anal Chem. 2017 Apr 18;89(8):4435-4443. doi: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b03737. Epub 2017 Mar 28.
4. Mung D, Li L: Applying quantitative metabolomics based on chemical isotope labeling LC-MS for detecting potential milk adulterant in human milk. Anal Chim Acta. 2018 Feb 25;1001:78-85. doi: 10.1016/j.aca.2017.11.019. Epub 2017 Nov 14.
5. Fooddata+, The Technical University of Denmark (DTU): https://frida.fooddata.dk/QueryFood.php?fn=milk&lang=en
6. Grossi, Loris; Montevecchi, Pier Carlo. S-Nitrosocysteine and Cystine from Reaction of Cysteine with Nitrous Acid. A Kinetic Investigation. Journal of Organic Chemistry (2002), 67(24), 8625-8630.
7. Rumpold H, Mascher K, Untergasser G, Plas E, Hermann M, Berger P: Trans-differentiation of prostatic stromal cells leads to decreased glycoprotein hormone alpha production. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2002 Nov;87(11):5297-303.
8. Alexander S, Ison C: Evaluation of commercial kits for the identification of Neisseria gonorrhoeae. J Med Microbiol. 2005 Sep;54(Pt 9):827-31.
9. Rainesalo S, Keranen T, Palmio J, Peltola J, Oja SS, Saransaari P: Plasma and cerebrospinal fluid amino acids in epileptic patients. Neurochem Res. 2004 Jan;29(1):319-24.
10. Terada T, Maeda H, Okamoto K, Nishinaka T, Mizoguchi T, Nishihara T: Modulation of glutathione S-transferase activity by a thiol/disulfide exchange reaction and involvement of thioltransferase. Arch Biochem Biophys. 1993 Jan;300(1):495-500.
11. Sonies BC, Almajid P, Kleta R, Bernardini I, Gahl WA: Swallowing dysfunction in 101 patients with nephropathic cystinosis: benefit of long-term cysteamine therapy. Medicine (Baltimore). 2005 May;84(3):137-46.
12. Mogil'naia GM, Shubich MG: [Comparison of the histochemical bases of epidermis differentiation in vertebrates]. Arkh Anat Gistol Embriol. 1976 Mar;70(3):46-52.
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