Phosphoenolpyruvic acid (CED0001426)

Record Information
Version1.0
Creation Date2016-05-25 21:15:52 UTC
Update Date2026-08-22 13:13:58 UTC
Accession NumberCHEM023739
Identification
Common NamePhosphoenolpyruvic acid
ClassSmall Molecule
Description
Phosphoenolpyruvic acid is an organic compound with the chemical formula C3H5O6P and an average molecular weight of 168.04 g/mol. Phosphoenolpyruvic acid belongs to the phosphate esters, a subclass of organic phosphoric acids and derivatives within the organic compounds. This compound has been identified in or released from ten recorded sources. Within the category of food, food processing, and cookware, it is associated with fermentation processes for beer, the preparation of wort, the preparation of vinegar, the preparation of wine or sparkling wine, and food preservation. In the context of electrical and electronic equipment, it is found in electrodes, antennas, and television systems. Additionally, it is present in household cleaning and consumer products, specifically in soap detergents and tobacco smoke filters. Phosphoenolpyruvic acid interacts with six recorded protein targets. These include Beta-enolase (ENO3), 2-dehydro-3-deoxyphosphooctonate aldolase (kdsA), Phospho-2-dehydro-3-deoxyheptonate aldolase (aroF), and Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, cytosolic [GTP] (PCK1), as well as two other proteins.
Contaminant TypeNot Available
Chemical Structure
Synonyms
ValueSource
2-(Phosphonooxy)-2-propenoic acidChEBI
2-PHOSPHOENOLPYRUVIC ACIDChEBI
PEPChEBI
PHOSPHOENOLPYRUVATEChEBI
2-(Phosphonooxy)-2-propenoateGenerator
2-PHOSPHOENOLPYRUVateGenerator
2-Hydroxy-acrylic acid dihydrogen phosphateHMDB
2-Phosphonooxyprop-2-enoateHMDB
2-Phosphonooxyprop-2-enoic acidHMDB
p-enol-PyruvateHMDB
PEP (phosphate)HMDB
Phosphoenolpyruvic acidHMDB
Chemical FormulaC3H5O6P
Average Molecular Mass168.042 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass167.982 g/mol
CAS Registry Number138-08-9
IUPAC Name2-(phosphonooxy)prop-2-enoic acid
Traditional Namephosphoenolpyruvic acid
SMILESOC(=O)C(=C)OP(O)(O)=O
InChI IdentifierInChI=1S/C3H5O6P/c1-2(3(4)5)9-10(6,7)8/h1H2,(H,4,5)(H2,6,7,8)
InChI KeyDTBNBXWJWCWCIK-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Chemical Taxonomy
Description Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as phosphate esters. These are organic compounds containing phosphoric acid ester functional group, with the general structure R1P(=O)(R2)OR3. R1,R2 = O,N, or halogen atom; R3 = organyl group.
KingdomOrganic compounds
Super ClassOrganic acids and derivatives
ClassOrganic phosphoric acids and derivatives
Sub ClassPhosphate esters
Direct ParentPhosphate esters
Alternative Parents
Substituents
  • Phosphoric acid ester
  • Monocarboxylic acid or derivatives
  • Carboxylic acid
  • Carboxylic acid derivative
  • Organic oxygen compound
  • Organic oxide
  • Hydrocarbon derivative
  • Organooxygen compound
  • Carbonyl group
  • Aliphatic acyclic compound
Molecular FrameworkAliphatic acyclic compounds
External Descriptors
Biological Properties
StatusDetected and Not Quantified
OriginNot Available
Cellular LocationsNot Available
Biofluid LocationsNot Available
Tissue LocationsNot Available
ApplicationsNot Available
Biological RolesNot Available
Chemical RolesNot Available
Organoleptic EffectsNot Available
Physical Properties
StateNot Available
AppearanceNot Available
Experimental Properties
PropertyValue
Melting PointNot Available
Boiling PointNot Available
SolubilityNot Available
Predicted Properties
PropertyValueSource
Water Solubility13.2 g/LALOGPS
logP-1.2ALOGPS
logP-0.64ChemAxon
logS-1.1ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)0.76ChemAxon
Physiological Charge-3ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count5ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count3ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area104.06 ŲChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count3ChemAxon
Refractivity30.13 m³·mol⁻¹ChemAxon
Polarizability11.57 ųChemAxon
Number of Rings0ChemAxon
BioavailabilityYesChemAxon
Rule of FiveYesChemAxon
Ghose FilterNoChemAxon
Veber's RuleNoChemAxon
MDDR-like RuleNoChemAxon
Spectra
Spectra
Spectrum TypeDescriptionSplash KeyDeposition DateView
GC-MSGC-MS Spectrumsplash10-0292-0962000000-44d3914b4e07e5c50e3fNot AvailableView Spectrum
GC-MSGC-MS Spectrumsplash10-0292-0962000000-44d3914b4e07e5c50e3fNot AvailableView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrumsplash10-0002-9200000000-ae9d81fc88a98f678268Not AvailableView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrumsplash10-00di-9410000000-072478606f0ab6809902Not AvailableView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS SpectrumNot AvailableNot AvailableView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS SpectrumNot AvailableNot AvailableView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS SpectrumNot AvailableNot AvailableView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS SpectrumNot AvailableNot AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-0udr-1900000000-9a4f5554af9a717d99c7Not AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-000x-9200000000-6cdc15f3daa25fc41655Not AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-001i-9100000000-39e22409d6d924a774f1Not AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-00xu-0912000000-ad1823470675975d5ff0Not AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-0udi-0900000000-1f5b761ce5fa374b0f8eNot AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-000i-9000000000-d279f0ca2accb130181fNot AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-0002-0920000000-f084dccf78e11c8760d7Not AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-00lr-0911000000-7fa833698210746c838fNot AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-000i-9000000000-62e28301f20b08971b78Not AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-0udi-0900000000-25f970898112f7b89898Not AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-0002-0930000000-58691b23d317c2418c33Not AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-00p0-0493110000-9d61bb13ab5261fdf9fdNot AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-004i-9100000000-db409b3cfa9ebabbcb58Not AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-0a4j-5090000000-1ee56bc4866301d4bf2eNot AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-0a4i-0090000000-bce08b01d44391bfecadNot AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-016r-7900000000-ffd3b8dcd65aaea26ac3Not AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-004i-9000000000-ceae3587b1e7d8b3da27Not AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-004i-9000000000-701a17330cd18255d625Not AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-004i-9000000000-a4178ce4951e2c3dba7bNot AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-004i-9000000000-9d0421620a7aaa9ef33fNot AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-0k9i-1900000000-fb12ade375a7ac97f150Not AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-0f76-8900000000-7f57e6a8e72e5992cd88Not AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-000j-9300000000-c02bca019150d572b3bcNot AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-05bf-9200000000-73fa5ca52ecc17bac380Not AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-0079-9300000000-231346190165f44f28dcNot AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-004i-9100000000-33b795aea615bc3ef7fcNot AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-016r-7900000000-ffd3b8dcd65aaea26ac3Not AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-004i-9000000000-ceae3587b1e7d8b3da27Not AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-004i-9000000000-701a17330cd18255d625Not AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-004i-9000000000-a4178ce4951e2c3dba7bNot AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-004i-9000000000-9d0421620a7aaa9ef33fNot AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-004i-9100000000-db409b3cfa9ebabbcb58Not AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-0a4j-5090000000-1ee56bc4866301d4bf2eNot AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-0a4i-0090000000-bce08b01d44391bfecadNot AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-004i-9100000000-33b795aea615bc3ef7fcNot AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-00di-0900000000-5200e24d9bacedeb3612Not AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-004i-9000000000-64c7b0a6d679df615962Not AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-0k9i-1900000000-fb12ade375a7ac97f150Not AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-0f76-8900000000-7f57e6a8e72e5992cd88Not AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-000j-9300000000-c02bca019150d572b3bcNot AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-05bf-9200000000-73fa5ca52ecc17bac380Not AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-0079-9300000000-231346190165f44f28dcNot AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-0udi-0900000000-7efb465a1469d977ab37Not AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-0udi-0900000000-25f970898112f7b89898Not AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-004i-9000000000-54ff8e6208b30c8f879eNot AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-004i-9000000000-10d0f179adb0e6bdec0dNot AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-004i-9000000000-f253c7e0f0c1a8352903Not AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-004i-9000000000-8310e25f1579dbfbf6f4Not AvailableView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-00di-9300000000-f4e07ab797c1ea1ae90aNot AvailableView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-00dj-8900000000-d39d27de1a0b1d957520Not AvailableView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-00fr-9000000000-467bad7c9b7c2405fe64Not AvailableView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-004i-9400000000-c466468eb93d1e833684Not AvailableView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-004i-9100000000-360e74988c0b0ff5d788Not AvailableView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-004i-9000000000-a4ce2513b4bd02cf5915Not AvailableView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-0udi-0900000000-a852762389cc0a5ced1fNot AvailableView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-00e9-9600000000-38ea6caf33601fd5034bNot AvailableView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-001i-9000000000-85f0aa63ef18850dc13eNot AvailableView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-004i-9000000000-a5e502a2627af2048a1fNot AvailableView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-004i-9000000000-a5e502a2627af2048a1fNot AvailableView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-004i-9000000000-a5e502a2627af2048a1fNot AvailableView Spectrum
1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, D2O, predicted)Not AvailableNot AvailableView Spectrum
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, D2O, predicted)Not AvailableNot AvailableView Spectrum
Toxicity Profile
Mechanism of ToxicityNot Available
Carcinogenicity (IARC Classification)Not Available
Minimum Risk LevelNot Available
SymptomsNot Available
TreatmentNot Available
Toxicity Values
Toxicity ValueUnitValue RangeOrganismDose DescriptorRoute of ExposurePredicted or ExperimentalReference
2029.0Log mg/kg[1100:3600]RatLD50oralpredictedNot Available
Health Effects
Health EffectRelationshipDirectionReference
Exposure Sources
Source IDSourceSectorReference
10InsecticidesAgriculture & land managementNot Available
233BrushesPersonal care & cosmeticsNot Available
506AntennasElectrical & Electronic EquipmentNot Available
519ElectrodesElectrical & Electronic EquipmentNot Available
537Television SystemsElectrical & Electronic EquipmentNot Available
544Fermentation Processes For BeerFood, food processing & cookwareNot Available
545Food PreservationFood, food processing & cookwareNot Available
548Preparation Of VinegarFood, food processing & cookwareNot Available
549Preparation Of Wine Or Sparkling WineFood, food processing & cookwareNot Available
550Preparation Of WortFood, food processing & cookwareNot Available
563Soap DetergentsHousehold cleaning & consumer productsNot Available
569Tobacco Smoke FiltersHousehold cleaning & consumer productsNot Available
580Manufacture Preparation Of Tobacco ProductsIndustrial manufacturing & chemical processingNot Available
600Herbicides And AlgicidesAgriculture & land managementNot Available
601Lawn MowersAgriculture & land managementNot Available
603NematocidesAgriculture & land managementNot Available
606Plant Growth RegulatorsAgriculture & land managementNot Available
610Aftersun ProductsPersonal care & cosmeticsNot Available
611Anti Perspirants Or Body DeoderantsPersonal care & cosmeticsNot Available
614Essential Oils Or PerfumesPersonal care & cosmeticsNot Available
632ApparelTextiles, leather & furnishingsNot Available
Pathways
39 pathways
Targets
StructureProteinUniProt IDOrganismRelationshipDetails
Fructose-bisphosphate aldolase class 2 structureClick to view 3D structureFructose-bisphosphate aldolase class 2P0AB71Escherichia coli (strain K12)Predicted (SEA)0.544945
Ribose-5-phosphate isomerase B structureClick to view 3D structureRibose-5-phosphate isomerase BP9WKD7Mycobacterium tuberculosis (strain ATCC 25618 / H37Rv)Predicted (SEA)0.544945
Click to view 3D structureInositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate-gated calcium channel ITPR3Q8WN95Bos taurusPredicted (SEA)0.856341
Click to view 3D structurePhosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate 5-phosphatase 2Q6P549Mus musculusPredicted (SEA)0.467095
Type II inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate 5-phosphatase structureClick to view 3D structureType II inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate 5-phosphataseP32019HumansPredicted (SEA)0.467095
Click to view 3D structure6-phosphogluconolactonaseQ9GRG6Trypanosoma bruceiPredicted (SEA)0.544945
Diphosphomevalonate decarboxylase structureClick to view 3D structureDiphosphomevalonate decarboxylaseP53602HumansPredicted (SEA)3.65891
Click to view 3D structureTriosephosphate isomeraseP00939Oryctolagus cuniculusPredicted (SEA)0.389246
Click to view 3D structureInositol-trisphosphate 3-kinase AP17105Rattus norvegicusPredicted (SEA)1.01204
Click to view 3D structure2-dehydro-3-deoxyphosphooctonate aldolaseQ9JZ55Neisseria meningitidis serogroup B (strain MC58)Predicted (SEA)2.72472
Carbonic anhydrase 1 structureClick to view 3D structureCarbonic anhydrase 1P00915HumansPredicted (SEA)1737.28
Click to view 3D structureInositol polyphosphate-5-phosphatase AQ14642HumansPredicted (SEA)0.544945
Click to view 3D structureMetabotropic glutamate receptor 6P35349Rattus norvegicusPredicted (SEA)50.602
Click to view 3D structureFructose-bisphosphate aldolase AP00883Oryctolagus cuniculusPredicted (SEA)0.934191
Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate-gated calcium channel ITPR3 structureClick to view 3D structureInositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate-gated calcium channel ITPR3Q14573HumansPredicted (SEA)1.24559
Click to view 3D structureType 1 InsP3 receptor isoform S2P79248Sus scrofaPredicted (SEA)1.08989
Click to view 3D structureMetabotropic glutamate receptor 4P31423Rattus norvegicusPredicted (SEA)426.069
Click to view 3D structure1-deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate synthaseB7UJP3Escherichia coli O127:H6 (strain E2348/69 / EPEC)Predicted (SEA)4.67095
Click to view 3D structureInositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate binding proteinQ62688Rattus norvegicusPredicted (SEA)1.16774
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 4 structureClick to view 3D structureMetabotropic glutamate receptor 4Q14833HumansPredicted (SEA)852.682
Click to view 3D structurePhospho-2-dehydro-3-deoxyheptonate aldolaseC3TIE2Escherichia coliPredicted (SEA)2.49118
Click to view 3D structureFructose-bisphosphate aldolaseP56109Helicobacter pylori (strain ATCC 700392 / 26695) (Campylobacterpylori)Predicted (SEA)1.94623
Click to view 3D structureArabinose 5-phosphate isomerase KdsDQ5NGP7Francisella tularensis subsp. tularensis (strain SCHU S4 / Schu 4)Predicted (SEA)1.24559
72 kDa type IV collagenase structureClick to view 3D structure72 kDa type IV collagenaseP08253HumansPredicted (SEA)3624.66
Click to view 3D structureFructose-bisphosphate aldolase class IIA0A380PJR2Yersinia pestisPredicted (SEA)2.02408
Concentrations
Not Available
External Links
DrugBank IDDB01819
HMDB IDHMDB0000263
FooDB IDFDB031112
Phenol Explorer IDNot Available
KNApSAcK IDC00000798
BiGG IDNot Available
BioCyc IDPHOSPHO-ENOL-PYRUVATE
METLIN IDNot Available
PDB IDNot Available
Wikipedia LinkPhosphoenolpyruvic_acid
Chemspider ID980
ChEBI ID44897
PubChem Compound ID1005
Kegg Compound IDC00074
YMDB IDYMDB00276
ECMDB IDECMDB00263
References
Synthesis ReferenceNot Available
MSDSNot Available
General References
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2. Simon, Ethan S.; Grabowski, Sven; Whitesides, George M. Preparation of phosphoenolpyruvate from D-(-)-3-phosphoglyceric acid for use in regeneration of ATP. Journal of the American Chemical Society (1989), 111(24), 8920-1.
3. Krogh P: Role of ochratoxin in disease causation. Food Chem Toxicol. 1992 Mar;30(3):213-24.
4. Germaine GR, Tellefson LM: Promotion of Streptococcus mutans glucose transport by human whole saliva and parotid fluid. Infect Immun. 1985 Apr;48(1):7-13.
5. Schatzberger P: Maternity services. BMJ. 1992 May 23;304(6838):1382-3.
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7. Landau BR, Chandramouli V, Schumann WC, Ekberg K, Kumaran K, Kalhan SC, Wahren J: Estimates of Krebs cycle activity and contributions of gluconeogenesis to hepatic glucose production in fasting healthy subjects and IDDM patients. Diabetologia. 1995 Jul;38(7):831-8.
8. Shirokane Y, Nakajima M, Mizusawa K: A new enzymatic assay of urinary guanidinoacetic acid. Clin Chim Acta. 1991 Oct 31;202(3):227-36.
9. Tannen RL: Ammonia metabolism. Am J Physiol. 1978 Oct;235(4):F265-77.
10. Atkin BM, Buist NR, Utter MF, Leiter AB, Banker BQ: Pyruvate carboxylase deficiency and lactic acidosis in a retarded child without Leigh's disease. Pediatr Res. 1979 Feb;13(2):109-16.
11. Bojarska-Dahlig H, Gloabski T, Dzioegielewska I: [Salts of cyclic erythromycin A carbonate with cinnamic acid derivatives]. Acta Pol Pharm. 1975;32(3):311-7.
12. Matsumoto T, van der Auwera P, Watanabe Y, Tanaka M, Ogata N, Naito S, Kumazawa J: Neutrophil function in hyperosmotic NaCl is preserved by phosphoenol pyruvate. Urol Res. 1991;19(4):223-7.
13. Nakayama Y, Kinoshita A, Tomita M: Dynamic simulation of red blood cell metabolism and its application to the analysis of a pathological condition. Theor Biol Med Model. 2005 May 9;2:18.
14. Cahill GF Jr, Aoki TT: Renal gluconeogenesis and amino-acid metabolism in man. Med Clin North Am. 1975 May;59(3):751-61.
15. Beyer C: Creatine measurement in serum and urine with an automated enzymatic method. Clin Chem. 1993 Aug;39(8):1613-9.
16. Momeni N, Yoshimoto T, Ryberg B, Sandberg-Wollheim M, Grubb A: Factors influencing analysis of prolyl endopeptidase in human blood and cerebrospinal fluid: increase in assay sensitivity. Scand J Clin Lab Invest. 2003;63(6):387-95.
17. Sreekumar A, Poisson LM, Rajendiran TM, Khan AP, Cao Q, Yu J, Laxman B, Mehra R, Lonigro RJ, Li Y, Nyati MK, Ahsan A, Kalyana-Sundaram S, Han B, Cao X, Byun J, Omenn GS, Ghosh D, Pennathur S, Alexander DC, Berger A, Shuster JR, Wei JT, Varambally S, Beecher C, Chinnaiyan AM: Metabolomic profiles delineate potential role for sarcosine in prostate cancer progression. Nature. 2009 Feb 12;457(7231):910-4. doi: 10.1038/nature07762.
18. Elshenawy S, Pinney SE, Stuart T, Doulias PT, Zura G, Parry S, Elovitz MA, Bennett MJ, Bansal A, Strauss JF 3rd, Ischiropoulos H, Simmons RA: The Metabolomic Signature of the Placenta in Spontaneous Preterm Birth. Int J Mol Sci. 2020 Feb 4;21(3). pii: ijms21031043. doi: 10.3390/ijms21031043.