Lead azide (CED0017976)

Record Information

Version

1.0

Creation Date

2009-03-06 18:58:31 UTC

Update Date

2026-08-26 17:01:19 UTC

SynCED ID

CED0017976

Secondary Accession Numbers

CHEM000270
T3D0321

Identification

Common Name

Lead azide

Class

Small Molecule

Description

Lead azide is an exogenous inorganic compound with the formula N6Pb and an average molecular weight of 291.20 g/mol. At room temperature, it exists as a solid. Lead azide belongs to the post-transition metal nitrides, a subclass of post-transition metal organides within the inorganic compounds. It is used mainly in detonators and has been recorded as being found in or released from electrical and electronic equipment, specifically antennas, cores yokes or armatures, and electric switches. The compound interacts with 24 recorded protein targets. Lead binds to the acyl-CoA-binding protein (DBI), which regulates processes including insulin secretion, steroidogenesis, GABA-A/benzodiazepine receptor modulation, intestinal cholecystokinin release, and acyl-CoA metabolism. It binds to sodium/potassium-transporting ATPases, including subunits FXYD2, ATP1A1, ATP1A2, and ATP1A3. Additionally, lead binds to thymosin beta-4, an immunotransmitter that functions in the stimulation of CaM-dependent kinases, modulation of the cytoskeleton, and GABA-A receptor complex function. Lead azide exhibits competitive inhibition at several sites. It competitively inhibits calcium's binding of calmodulin, which alters cAMP messenger pathways and interferes with neurotransmitter release. It also competitively inhibits calcium at protein kinase C (including types PRKCA, PRKCB, PRKCD, and PRKCE), altering the blood-brain barrier and impairing brain microvascular function and formation. Competitive inhibition also occurs at the NMDA receptor, affecting proteins GRIN2A, GRIN2B, GRIN2C, and GRIN3A, which affects neurotransmitter release. Finally, lead inhibits ferrochelatase (FECH) and delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALAD), both of which prevents the biosynthesis of heme, a necessary cofactor of hemoglobin.

Contaminant Type

Industrial/Workplace Toxin
Inorganic Compound
Lead Compound
Pollutant
Synthetic Compound

Chemical Structure

MOL SDF PDB SMILES InChI

Synonyms

Not Available

Chemical Formula

N₆Pb

Average Molecular Mass

291.200 g/mol

Monoisotopic Mass

291.995 g/mol

CAS Registry Number

13424-46-9

IUPAC Name

diazidoplumbane

Traditional Name

diazidoplumbane

SMILES

[N-]=[N+]=N[Pb]N=[N+]=[N-]

InChI Identifier

InChI=1S/2N3.Pb/c2*1-3-2;/q2*-1;+2

InChI Key

ISEQAARZRCDNJH-UHFFFAOYSA-N

Chemical Taxonomy

Description

Belongs to the class of inorganic compounds known as post-transition metal nitrides. These are inorganic compounds of nitrogen where nitrogen has a formal oxidation state of -3, and the heaviest metal atom is a post-transition metal.

Kingdom

Inorganic compounds

Super Class

Mixed metal/non-metal compounds

Class

Post-transition metal organides

Sub Class

Post-transition metal nitrides

Direct Parent

Post-transition metal nitrides

Alternative Parents

Substituents

Post-transition metal nitride
Inorganic azide
Inorganic lead salt
Inorganic nitride
Inorganic salt

Molecular Framework

Not Available

External Descriptors

Not Available

Biological Properties

Status

Detected and Not Quantified

Origin

Exogenous

Cellular Locations

Cytoplasm
Extracellular

Biofluid Locations

Not Available

Tissue Locations

Not Available

Applications

Not Available

Biological Roles

Not Available

Chemical Roles

Not Available

Organoleptic Effects

Not Available

Physical Properties

State

Solid

Appearance

White powder.

Experimental Properties

Property	Value
Melting Point	190°C
Boiling Point	Not Available
Solubility	Not Available

Predicted Properties

Property	Value	Source
logP	1.47	ChemAxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)	-9.1	ChemAxon
Physiological Charge	0	ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count	4	ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count	0	ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area	58.86 Å²	ChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count	2	ChemAxon
Refractivity	21.74 m³·mol⁻¹	ChemAxon
Polarizability	8.03 Å³	ChemAxon
Number of Rings	0	ChemAxon
Bioavailability	Yes	ChemAxon
Rule of Five	Yes	ChemAxon
Ghose Filter	No	ChemAxon
Veber's Rule	No	ChemAxon
MDDR-like Rule	No	ChemAxon

Spectra

Spectrum Type	Description	Splash Key	Deposition Date	View
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-0002-0090000000-288a19beb0e855e900e9	Not Available	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-0002-0090000000-288a19beb0e855e900e9	Not Available	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-0002-0090000000-288a19beb0e855e900e9	Not Available	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-0002-0090000000-c808d2d68eed4c8e37dc	Not Available	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-0002-0090000000-c808d2d68eed4c8e37dc	Not Available	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-0002-0090000000-c808d2d68eed4c8e37dc	Not Available	View Spectrum

Toxicity Profile

Toxicity Values

Not Available

Toxicity / Toxin Class

Not Available

Mechanism of Toxicity

Lead mimics other biologically important metals, such as zinc, calcium, and iron, competing as cofactors for many of their respective enzymatic reactions. For example, lead has been shown to competitively inhibit calcium's binding of calmodulin, interferring with neurotransmitter release. It exhibits similar competitive inhibition at the NMDA receptor and protein kinase C, which impairs brain microvascular formation and function, as well as alters the blood-brain barrier. Lead also affects the nervous system by impairing regulation of dopamine synthesis and blocking evoked release of acetylcholine. However, it's main mechanism of action occurs by inhibiting delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase, an enzyme vital in the biosynthesis of heme, which is a necesssary cofactor of hemoglobin. (9, 2, 3, 7)

Carcinogenicity (IARC Classification)

2A, probably carcinogenic to humans. (6)

Minimum Risk Level

Chronic Inhalation: 0.05 mg/m3 (5)

Symptoms

Symptions of chronic lead poisoning include reduced cognitive abilities, nausea, abdominal pain, irritability, insomnia, metal taste in the mouth, excess lethargy or hyperactivity, chest pain, headache and, in extreme cases, seizures, comas, and death. There are also associated gastrointestinal problems, such as constipation, diarrhea, vomiting, poor appetite, weight loss, which are common in acute poisoning. (1, 4)

Treatment

Lead poisoning is usually treated with chelation therapy using DMSA, EDTA, or dimercaprol. (4)

Health Effects

Health Effect	Relationship	Direction	Description	Reference

Exposure Sources

Source ID	Source	Sector	Reference
CEDs000506	Antennas?Antennas, commonly used in communication technologies, can be a source of synthetic chemical contamination through the materials and coatings used in their construction.	Electrical & Electronic Equipment	PubChem
CEDs000511	Conductors Or Conductive Bodies Characterised By The Conductive Materials?Conductors, or conductive bodies, are materials that allow the flow of electrical current, typically made from metals such as copper, aluminum, or silver.	Electrical & Electronic Equipment	PubChem
CEDs000513	Cores Yokes Or Armatures?Cores, yokes, or armatures are components commonly found in electrical devices, used to facilitate the magnetic and electrical functions within motors, transformers, and generators.	Electrical & Electronic Equipment	PubChem
CEDs000517	Electric Switches?Electric switches, integral components in numerous devices, can be a source of synthetic chemical contamination due to the materials and manufacturing processes involved in their production.	Electrical & Electronic Equipment	PubChem
CEDs000519	Electrodes?Electrodes, used in various electrical and electronic applications, can be a source of synthetic chemical contamination due to the materials from which they are constructed and the processes involved in their manufacturing.	Electrical & Electronic Equipment	PubChem
CEDs000581	Paper Making Machines?Paper making machines utilize various synthetic chemicals throughout the production process, including additives, coatings, and bleaching agents.	Industrial manufacturing & chemical processing	PubChem
CEDs000583	Anchoring Equipment?Anchoring equipment, commonly used in marine applications, can be a source of synthetic chemical contamination due to the materials and coatings utilized in their manufacturing.	Marine, shipping & aquaculture	PubChem
CEDs000588	Inflatable Life Saving Equipment?Inflatable Life Saving Equipment (ILSE) is commonly made from synthetic materials such as polyvinyl chloride (PVC), thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU), or nylon coated with polymer films.	Marine, shipping & aquaculture	PubChem
CEDs000589	Life Buoys?Life buoys, commonly used in marine environments for safety and rescue operations, can be a source of synthetic chemical contamination due to the materials used in their production.	Marine, shipping & aquaculture	PubChem
CEDs000665	Fire Extinguishers?Fire extinguishers contain various synthetic chemicals designed to suppress flames and prevent the spread of fire.	Fire suppression systems & agents	PubChem
CEDs000671	Airplanes And Helicopters?Airplanes and helicopters are significant sources of synthetic chemical contamination primarily through the use of aviation fuels, lubricants, and de-icing agents.	Aviation & Aerospace	PubChem
CEDs000678	Nitrogenous Fertilisers?Nitrogenous fertilizers are synthetic chemical compounds primarily used to enhance plant growth by supplying essential nitrogen, a crucial nutrient for photosynthesis and protein synthesis.	Agriculture & land management	PubChem
CEDs000686	Clay Wares?Clay wares are ceramic products made from natural clay, often utilized in various construction applications such as tiles, bricks, and sanitary ware.	Building & Construction	PubChem
CEDs000696	Nanotechnology?Nanotechnology involves the manipulation of materials at the molecular or atomic level, typically within the range of 1 to 100 nanometers.	Industrial manufacturing & chemical processing	PubChem
CEDs000698	Jewellery?Jewellery production often involves the use of various synthetic chemicals during the extraction and processing of metals.	Mining & metal processing	PubChem
CEDs000699	Mining Or Quarrying?Mining and quarrying operations can lead to synthetic chemical contamination through the release of various pollutants associated with the extraction and processing of minerals.	Mining & metal processing	PubChem
CEDs000735	Explosives?Explosives are chemical compounds or mixtures designed to undergo rapid decomposition, releasing energy in the form of gas and heat.	Defense & military infrastructure	PubChem
CEDs000736	Fuses?Fuses are safety devices designed to protect electrical circuits by breaking the circuit when excessive current flows through.	Electrical & Electronic Equipment	PubChem
CEDs000737	Chemical Igniters?Chemical igniters are substances or devices designed to initiate combustion in various applications, often found in products like lighters, candles, and certain household cleaning agents.	Household items	PubChem
CEDs000740	Paper?Paper production involves the processing of wood fibers and the use of various chemicals, which can lead to synthetic chemical contamination.	Paper, pulp & fiber products	PubChem
CEDs000744	Water, Wastewater, & Sewage Treatment?Water, wastewater, and sewage treatment processes are critical for managing and mitigating pollutants in water systems.	Wastewater, sanitation & biosolids	PubChem

Pathways

0 pathwaysPathway Source: PathBank

No pathways found

No metabolic pathways have been associated with this synthetic chemical

Targets

Structure	Protein	UniProt ID	Organism	Relationship	Details
Click to view 3D structure	Carbonic anhydrase 9	Q16790	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.102 Applicability Domain 0.231 Low confidence Statistical Significance 0.9998 Supporting Reference Compounds 372 E-value 7783.37
Click to view 3D structure	Carbonic anhydrase 1	P00915	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.102 Applicability Domain 0.231 Low confidence Statistical Significance 0.9998 Supporting Reference Compounds 407 E-value 7783.37
Click to view 3D structure	Reverse transcriptase/RNaseH	Q72547	Human immunodeficiency virus 1	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.082 Applicability Domain 0.096 Low confidence Statistical Significance 0.9997 Supporting Reference Compounds 79 E-value 7782.82
Click to view 3D structure	DNA polymerase delta catalytic subunit	P28340	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.079 Applicability Domain 0.079 Low confidence Statistical Significance 0.6951 Supporting Reference Compounds 1 E-value 5411.07
Click to view 3D structure	DNA-directed RNA polymerase, mitochondrial	O00411	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.074 Applicability Domain 0.074 Low confidence Statistical Significance 0.887 Supporting Reference Compounds 1 E-value 6905.3
Click to view 3D structure	Gag-Pol polyprotein	Q7ZJM1	Human immunodeficiency virus 1	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.065 Applicability Domain 0.231 Low confidence Statistical Significance 0.9999 Supporting Reference Compounds 96 E-value 7784.07
Click to view 3D structure	Neurotrophic factor BDNF precursor form	P23560	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.065 Applicability Domain 0.065 Low confidence Statistical Significance 0.4334 Supporting Reference Compounds 2 E-value 3373.99
Click to view 3D structure	Pleiotrophin	P21246	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.065 Applicability Domain 0.065 Low confidence Statistical Significance 0.4334 Supporting Reference Compounds 1 E-value 3373.99
Click to view 3D structure	Carbonic anhydrase 2	P00918	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.062 Applicability Domain 0.167 Low confidence Statistical Significance 1.0 Supporting Reference Compounds 472 E-value 7784.77
Click to view 3D structure	4-hydroxy-3-methylbut-2-enyl diphosphate reductase	O67625	Aquifex aeolicus (strain VF5)	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.061 Applicability Domain 0.061 Low confidence Statistical Significance 0.2035 Supporting Reference Compounds 1 E-value 1583.92
Click to view 3D structure	Carbonic anhydrase 5A, mitochondrial	P35218	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.057 Applicability Domain 0.167 Low confidence Statistical Significance 1.0 Supporting Reference Compounds 165 E-value 7784.61
Click to view 3D structure	Carbonic anhydrase 5B, mitochondrial	Q9Y2D0	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.056 Applicability Domain 0.167 Low confidence Statistical Significance 0.9999 Supporting Reference Compounds 157 E-value 7784.53
Click to view 3D structure	Sialic acid-binding Ig-like lectin 7	Q9Y286	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.055 Applicability Domain 0.055 Low confidence Statistical Significance 0.658 Supporting Reference Compounds 1 E-value 5122.32
Click to view 3D structure	DEP domain-containing mTOR-interacting protein	Q8TB45	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.054 Applicability Domain 0.065 Low confidence Statistical Significance 0.4699 Supporting Reference Compounds 2 E-value 3658.45
Click to view 3D structure	Triosephosphate isomerase	P00939	Oryctolagus cuniculus	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.05 Applicability Domain 0.067 Low confidence Statistical Significance 0.5708 Supporting Reference Compounds 2 E-value 4444.02
Click to view 3D structure	Pol polyprotein	Q72874	Human immunodeficiency virus 1	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.048 Applicability Domain 0.096 Low confidence Statistical Significance 0.9999 Supporting Reference Compounds 54 E-value 7784.53
Click to view 3D structure	Type IV secretion-like conjugative transfer relaxase protein TraI	B1LRJ1	Escherichia coli (strain SMS-3-5 / SECEC)	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.045 Applicability Domain 0.045 Low confidence Statistical Significance 0.2585 Supporting Reference Compounds 1 E-value 2012.4
Click to view 3D structure	Sphingosine-1-phosphate lyase 1	Q8CHN6	Rattus norvegicus	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.043 Applicability Domain 0.043 Low confidence Statistical Significance 0.779 Supporting Reference Compounds 1 E-value 6064.38
Click to view 3D structure	Hemagglutinin-neuraminidase	Q06992	Human parainfluenza virus 1	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.043 Applicability Domain 0.109 Low confidence Statistical Significance 0.9822 Supporting Reference Compounds 3 E-value 7646.66
Click to view 3D structure	Aldehyde dehydrogenase 1A1	P51647	Rattus norvegicus	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.042 Applicability Domain 0.042 Low confidence Statistical Significance 0.9396 Supporting Reference Compounds 1 E-value 7314.87
Click to view 3D structure	Cyclin-dependent kinase 2	P24941	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.041 Applicability Domain 0.045 Low confidence Statistical Significance 1.0 Supporting Reference Compounds 1029 E-value 7784.69
Click to view 3D structure	Adenosine receptor A2a	P29274	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.041 Applicability Domain 0.068 Low confidence Statistical Significance 1.0 Supporting Reference Compounds 303 E-value 7784.69
Click to view 3D structure	Luciferin 4-monooxygenase	P08659	Photinus pyralis	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.041 Applicability Domain 0.044 Low confidence Statistical Significance 1.0 Supporting Reference Compounds 114 E-value 7784.61
Click to view 3D structure	Cyclin-dependent kinase 1	P06493	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.041 Applicability Domain 0.045 Low confidence Statistical Significance 1.0 Supporting Reference Compounds 715 E-value 7784.69
Click to view 3D structure	Poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase	O02776	Bos taurus	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.04 Applicability Domain 0.067 Low confidence Statistical Significance 0.9959 Supporting Reference Compounds 2 E-value 7753.0
Click to view 3D structure	Acyl-CoA-binding protein	P07108	Humans	Known	Lead is known to bind ACBP, which is responsible for the regulation of various processes such as acyl-CoA metabolism, GABA-A/benzodiazepine receptor modulation, steroidogenesis, intestinal cholecystokinin release, and insulin secretion. (A21)
Click to view 3D structure	Delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase	P13716	Humans	Known	Lead inhibition of ALAD prevents the biosynthesis of heme, which is a necesssary cofactor of hemoglobin. (L21)
Click to view 3D structure	Ferrochelatase, mitochondrial	P22830	Humans	Known	Lead inhibition of ferrochelatase prevents the biosynthesis of heme, which is a necesssary cofactor of hemoglobin. (L21)
Click to view 3D structure	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 1	Q05586	Humans	Known	Lead exhibits competitive inhibition at the NMDA receptor, affecting neurotransmitter release. (A22)
Click to view 3D structure	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2A	Q12879	Humans	Known	Lead exhibits competitive inhibition at the NMDA receptor, affecting neurotransmitter release. (A22)
Click to view 3D structure	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2B	Q13224	Humans	Known	Lead exhibits competitive inhibition at the NMDA receptor, affecting neurotransmitter release. (A22)
Click to view 3D structure	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2C	Q14957	Humans	Known	Lead exhibits competitive inhibition at the NMDA receptor, affecting neurotransmitter release. (A22)
Click to view 3D structure	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2D	O15399	Humans	Known	Lead exhibits competitive inhibition at the NMDA receptor, affecting neurotransmitter release. (A22)
Click to view 3D structure	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 3A	Q8TCU5	Humans	Known	Lead exhibits competitive inhibition at the NMDA receptor, affecting neurotransmitter release. (A22)
Click to view 3D structure	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 3B	O60391	Humans	Known	Lead exhibits competitive inhibition at the NMDA receptor, affecting neurotransmitter release. (A22)
Click to view 3D structure	Protein kinase C alpha type	P17252	Humans	Known	Lead exhibits competitive inhibition with calcium at protein kinase C, which impairs brain microvascular formation and function, as well as alters the blood-brain barrier. (L136)
Click to view 3D structure	Protein kinase C beta type	P05771	Humans	Known	Lead exhibits competitive inhibition with calcium at protein kinase C, which impairs brain microvascular formation and function, as well as alters the blood-brain barrier. (L136)
Click to view 3D structure	Protein kinase C delta type	Q05655	Humans	Known	Lead exhibits competitive inhibition with calcium at protein kinase C, which impairs brain microvascular formation and function, as well as alters the blood-brain barrier. (L136)
Click to view 3D structure	Protein kinase C epsilon type	Q02156	Humans	Known	Lead exhibits competitive inhibition with calcium at protein kinase C, which impairs brain microvascular formation and function, as well as alters the blood-brain barrier. (L136)
Click to view 3D structure	Protein kinase C iota type	P41743	Humans	Known	Lead exhibits competitive inhibition with calcium at protein kinase C, which impairs brain microvascular formation and function, as well as alters the blood-brain barrier. (L136)
Click to view 3D structure	Protein kinase C theta type	Q04759	Humans	Known	Lead exhibits competitive inhibition with calcium at protein kinase C, which impairs brain microvascular formation and function, as well as alters the blood-brain barrier. (L136)
Click to view 3D structure	Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-1	P05023	Humans	Known	Lead binds to sodium/potassium-transporting ATPases. (A24)
Click to view 3D structure	Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-2	P50993	Humans	Known	Lead binds to sodium/potassium-transporting ATPases. (A24)
Click to view 3D structure	Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-3	P13637	Humans	Known	Lead binds to sodium/potassium-transporting ATPases. (A24)
Click to view 3D structure	Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-4	Q13733	Humans	Known	Lead binds to sodium/potassium-transporting ATPases. (A24)
Click to view 3D structure	Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-1	P05026	Humans	Known	Lead binds to sodium/potassium-transporting ATPases. (A24)
Click to view 3D structure	Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-2	P14415	Humans	Known	Lead binds to sodium/potassium-transporting ATPases. (A24)
Click to view 3D structure	Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-3	P54709	Humans	Known	Lead binds to sodium/potassium-transporting ATPases. (A24)
Click to view 3D structure	Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit gamma	P54710	Humans	Known	Lead binds to sodium/potassium-transporting ATPases. (A24)

Concentrations

Not Available

External Links

DrugBank ID

Not Available

HMDB ID

Not Available

FooDB ID

Not Available

Phenol Explorer ID

Not Available

KNApSAcK ID

Not Available

BiGG ID

Not Available

BioCyc ID

Not Available

METLIN ID

Not Available

PDB ID

Not Available

Wikipedia Link

Lead(II) azide

Chemspider ID

Not Available

ChEBI ID

Not Available

PubChem Compound ID

61600

Kegg Compound ID

Not Available

YMDB ID

Not Available

ECMDB ID

Not Available

References

Synthesis Reference

Not Available

MSDS

Not Available

General References

Needleman HL, Schell A, Bellinger D, Leviton A, Allred EN: The long-term effects of exposure to low doses of lead in childhood. An 11-year follow-up report. N Engl J Med. 1990 Jan 11;322(2):83-8. [PubMed: 2294437]
Gill KD, Gupta V, Sandhir R: Ca2+/calmodulin-mediated neurotransmitter release and neurobehavioural deficits following lead exposure. Cell Biochem Funct. 2003 Dec;21(4):345-53. [PubMed: 14624473]
Hashemzadeh-Gargari H, Guilarte TR: Divalent cations modulate N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor function at the glycine site. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1999 Sep;290(3):1356-62. [PubMed: 10454514]
Wikipedia. Lead poisoning. Last Updated 3 March 2009. - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lead_poisoning
ATSDR - Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (2001). Minimal Risk Levels (MRLs) for Hazardous Substances. U.S. Public Health Service in collaboration with U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). - http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/mrls/
International Agency for Research on Cancer (2014). IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans. - http://monographs.iarc.fr/index.php
ATSDR - Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (2007). Toxicological profile for lead. U.S. Public Health Service in collaboration with U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). - http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/toxprofiles/tp13.html
Wikipedia. Lead(II) azide. Last Updated 26 May 2009. - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lead_azide
Ellenhorn MJ and Barceloux DG (1988). Diagnosis and treatment of human poisoning. Medical Toxicology. New York, New York: Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc.
Baselt RC (2000). Disposition of Toxic Drugs and Chemicals in Man, 5th ed. Foster City, CA: Chemical Toxicology Institute.

Lead azide (CED0017976)

Structure for CHEM000270: Lead azide

No pathways found

Structure