Acetaminophen (CED0000864)

Record Information

Version

1.0

Creation Date

2009-07-05 03:31:24 UTC

Update Date

2026-05-14 16:25:22 UTC

Accession Number

CHEM002097

Identification

Common Name

Acetaminophen

Class

Small Molecule

Description

Acetaminophen belongs to the 1-hydroxy-2-unsubstituted benzenoids, a subclass of phenols within the organic compounds. It has the chemical formula C8H9NO2 and an average molecular weight of 151.16 g/mol. This exogenous compound is a solid at room temperature. In industrial applications, it is used as a pharmaceutical, a softener and conditioner, and is used in Polyethylene Terephthalate plastics. It is identified as an environmental contaminant (PMC10386104). Biologically, acetaminophen acts as an analgesic, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory agent (PMC13130104) (PMC12841746, PMC13298484). It is used as a non-narcotic analgesic and a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (PMC12841746, PMC13298484). It functions as an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase 1, 2, and 3 (PMC12841746, PMC13298484). Its protein targets include Prostaglandin G/H synthase 1 (PTGS1), Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2 (PTGS2), Thioredoxin reductase 1 (cytoplasmic), Thioredoxin reductase 2 (mitochondrial), Sulfotransferase 1A3 (SULT1A3), and Glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPX1), among 26 other proteins. Acetaminophen is thought to act primarily in the CNS to increase the pain threshold by inhibiting COX-1 and COX-2; unlike NSAIDs, it does not inhibit cyclooxygenase in peripheral tissues and thus lacks peripheral anti-inflammatory effects. Acetaminophen is used to treat fever (PMC10383651, PMC10386104, PMC13342574, PMC6201998, PMC8720699), pain (PMC11859530, PMC13342574, PMC6160138, PMC6201998, PMC8502730), headache (PMC10383651, PMC10386104), hypertension (PMC10893462), inflammation (PMC12085248), and fatigue (PMC12496125). It has a therapeutic effect on pain (PMC12684957). However, it is associated with necrosis (PMC13298484) and an increase in cancer (PMC9454765). It has been detected in all tissues and is released from 53 recorded sources, including drinking water, healthcare products, and various consumer and industrial goods. Exposure routes include oral, intravenous, cutaneous, inhalation, nasal, ophthalmic, rectal, respiratory, and topical.

Contaminant Type

Amide
Amine
Analgesic, Non-Narcotic
Antipyretic
Drug
Food Toxin
Human Neurotoxin
Metabolite
Organic Compound
Synthetic Compound

Chemical Structure

MOL SDF PDB SMILES InChI

Synonyms

Value	Source
4'-Hydroxyacetanilide	ChEBI
4-(Acetylamino)phenol	ChEBI
4-Acetamidophenol	ChEBI
Acenol	ChEBI
Acetaminofen	ChEBI
Acetaminophene	ChEBI
APAP	ChEBI
N-Acetyl-p-aminophenol	ChEBI
p-Acetamidophenol	ChEBI
p-Acetaminophenol	ChEBI
p-Acetylaminophenol	ChEBI
p-Hydroxyacetanilide	ChEBI
p-Hydroxyphenolacetamide	ChEBI
Panadol	ChEBI
Paracetamolum	ChEBI
Tylenol	ChEBI
Paracetamol	Kegg
4-Acetaminophenol	HMDB
4-Hydroxyacetanilide	HMDB
4-Hydroxyanilid kyseliny octove	HMDB
a-Per	HMDB
A.F. anacin	HMDB
Abenol	HMDB
Abensanil	HMDB
Abrol	HMDB
Abrolet	HMDB
Acamol	HMDB
Accu-tap	HMDB
Acephen	HMDB
Acertol	HMDB
Aceta elixir	HMDB
Aceta tablets	HMDB
Acetagesic	HMDB
Acetalgin	HMDB
Acetaminophen uniserts	HMDB
Acetamol	HMDB
Acetofen	HMDB
Actamin	HMDB
Actamin extra	HMDB
Actamin super	HMDB
Actifed plus	HMDB
Actimol chewable tablets	HMDB
Actimol children's suspension	HMDB
Actimol infants' suspension	HMDB
Actimol junior strength caplets	HMDB
Actron	HMDB
Afebrin	HMDB
Afebryl	HMDB
Aferadol	HMDB
Algesidal	HMDB
Algina	HMDB
Algomol	HMDB
Algotropyl	HMDB
Allay	HMDB
alpha-Per	HMDB
Alpiny	HMDB
Alpinyl	HMDB
Alvedon	HMDB
Amadil	HMDB
Aminofen	HMDB
Aminofen max	HMDB
Anacin-3	HMDB
Anacin-3 extra strength	HMDB
Anadin dla dzieci	HMDB
Anaflon	HMDB
Analter	HMDB
Anapap	HMDB
Andox	HMDB
Anelix	HMDB
Anexsia	HMDB
Anexsia 10/660	HMDB
Anexsia 5/325	HMDB
Anexsia 7.5/325	HMDB
Anexsia 7.5/650	HMDB
Anhiba	HMDB
Anoquan	HMDB
Anti-algos	HMDB
Antidol	HMDB
Apacet	HMDB
Apacet capsules	HMDB
Apacet elixir	HMDB
Apacet extra strength caplets	HMDB
Apacet extra strength tablets	HMDB
Apacet regular strength tablets	HMDB
Apadon	HMDB
Apamid	HMDB
Apamide	HMDB
Apitrelal	HMDB
Apo-acetaminophen	HMDB
Arfen	HMDB
Asetam	HMDB
Asomal	HMDB
Aspac	HMDB
Aspirin free anacin maximum strength caplets	HMDB
Aspirin free anacin maximum strength gel caplets	HMDB
Aspirin free anacin maximum strength tablets	HMDB
Aspirin-free anacin	HMDB
Aspirin-free excedrin caplets	HMDB
Asplin	HMDB
Atasol caplets	HMDB
Atasol drops	HMDB
Atasol forte caplets	HMDB
Atasol forte tablets	HMDB
Atasol oral solution	HMDB
Atasol tablets	HMDB
Atralidon	HMDB
Babikan	HMDB
Bacetamol	HMDB
Bancap	HMDB
Bancap HC	HMDB
Banesin	HMDB
Bayer select allergy-sinus	HMDB
Bayer select head cold	HMDB
Bayer select headache pain	HMDB
Bayer select maximum strength headache pain relief formula	HMDB
Bayer select menstrual multi-symptom	HMDB
Bayer select sinus pain relief	HMDB
Ben-u-ron	HMDB
Benmyo	HMDB
Bickie-mol	HMDB
Biocetamol	HMDB
Bucet	HMDB
Butalbital	HMDB
Butapap	HMDB
Cadafen	HMDB
Calapol	HMDB
Calmanticold	HMDB
Calpol	HMDB
Capital with codeine	HMDB
Captin	HMDB
Causalon	HMDB
Cefalex	HMDB
Cetadol	HMDB
Children'S acetaminophen elixir drops	HMDB
Children'S acetaminophen oral solution	HMDB
Children'S tylenol chewable	HMDB
Claradol codeine	HMDB
Clixodyne	HMDB
CO-Gesic	HMDB
COD-Acamol forte	HMDB
Codabrol	HMDB
Codalgin	HMDB
Codapane	HMDB
Codicet	HMDB
Codisal	HMDB
Codisal forte	HMDB
Codoliprane	HMDB
Codral pain relief	HMDB
Cofamol	HMDB
Conacetol	HMDB
Contac cough & sore throat formula	HMDB
Contra-schmerz p	HMDB
Coricidin	HMDB
Coricidin D	HMDB
Coricidin sinus	HMDB
Cosutone	HMDB
Croix blanche	HMDB
Cuponol	HMDB
Curadon	HMDB
Curpol	HMDB
Custodial	HMDB
Dapa X-S	HMDB
Darocet	HMDB
Darvocet	HMDB
Darvocet-N 50	HMDB
Datril	HMDB
Datril extra-strength	HMDB
Daygrip	HMDB
Demilets	HMDB
Deminofen	HMDB
Democyl	HMDB
Demogripal	HMDB
Desfebre	HMDB
Dhamol	HMDB
DHC Plus	HMDB
Dial-a-gesic	HMDB
Dial-alpha-gesic	HMDB
Dimindol	HMDB
Dirox	HMDB
Disprol	HMDB
Dol-stop	HMDB
Dolcor	HMDB
Dolefin	HMDB
Dolegrippin	HMDB
Dolene ap-65	HMDB
Dolgesic	HMDB
Doliprane	HMDB
Dolko	HMDB
Dolofugin	HMDB
Doloreduct	HMDB
Dolorfug	HMDB
Dolorol forte	HMDB
Dolorstop	HMDB
Dolotec	HMDB
Dolprone	HMDB
Dorocoff	HMDB
Dresan	HMDB
Dristan cold no drowsiness	HMDB
Dristancito	HMDB
Duracetamol	HMDB
Duradyne DHC	HMDB
Durapan	HMDB
Dymadon	HMDB
Dymadon co	HMDB
Dymadon forte	HMDB
Dypap	HMDB
Ecosetol	HMDB
Elixodyne	HMDB
Empracet	HMDB
Endecon	HMDB
Enelfa	HMDB
Eneril	HMDB
Esgic	HMDB
Esgic-plus	HMDB
Eu-med	HMDB
Excedrin	HMDB
Excedrin caplets	HMDB
Excedrin extra strength caplets	HMDB
Excipain	HMDB
Exdol	HMDB
Exdol strong	HMDB
Fanalgic	HMDB
Farmadol	HMDB
Febranine	HMDB
Febrectal	HMDB
Febrectol	HMDB
Febrex	HMDB
Febricet	HMDB
Febridol	HMDB
Febrilix	HMDB
Febrin	HMDB
Febrinol	HMDB
Febro-gesic	HMDB
Febrolin	HMDB
Femcet	HMDB
Fendon	HMDB
Fensum	HMDB
Fepanil	HMDB
Feverall junior strength	HMDB
Feverall sprinkle caps junior strength	HMDB
Fevor	HMDB
Finimal	HMDB
Finiweh	HMDB
Fioricet	HMDB
Fluparmol	HMDB
Fortalidon p	HMDB
Freka-cetamol	HMDB
Gattaphen T	HMDB
Gelocatil	HMDB
Geluprane	HMDB
Genapap children's elixir	HMDB
Genapap children's tablets	HMDB
Genapap extra strength caplets	HMDB
Genapap extra strength tablets	HMDB
Genapap regular strength tablets	HMDB
Genebs extra strength caplets	HMDB
Genebs regular strength tablets	HMDB
Genebs X-tra	HMDB
Geralgine-p	HMDB
Gripin bebe	HMDB
Grippostad	HMDB
Gynospasmine	HMDB
Hedex	HMDB
Helon N	HMDB
Homoolan	HMDB
Hy-phen	HMDB
Hycomine compound	HMDB
Hydrocet	HMDB
Ildamol	HMDB
Inalgex	HMDB
Infadrops	HMDB
Infants' feverall	HMDB
Influbene N	HMDB
Injectapap	HMDB
Intensin	HMDB
Janupap	HMDB
Junior disprol	HMDB
Kataprin	HMDB
Kinder finimal	HMDB
Korum	HMDB
Kratofin simplex	HMDB
Labamol	HMDB
Lekadol	HMDB
Lemgrip	HMDB
Lemsip	HMDB
Lestemp	HMDB
Liquagesic	HMDB
Liquigesic co	HMDB
Liquiprin	HMDB
Liquiprin children's elixir	HMDB
Liquiprin infants" drops	HMDB
Lonarid	HMDB
Lonarid mono	HMDB
Lorcet-HD	HMDB
Lortab	HMDB
Lupocet	HMDB
Lyteca	HMDB
Lyteca syrup	HMDB
Magnidol	HMDB
Malex N	HMDB
Malgis	HMDB
Malidens	HMDB
Maxadol	HMDB
Medigesic plus	HMDB
Medinol paediatric	HMDB
Medocodene	HMDB
Melabon infantil	HMDB
Mexalen	HMDB
Midol maximum strength	HMDB
Midol PM night time formula	HMDB
Midol regular strength	HMDB
Midol teen formula	HMDB
Migraleve yellow	HMDB
Minafen	HMDB
Minoset	HMDB
Miralgin	HMDB
Momentum	HMDB
mono Praecimed	HMDB
Multin	HMDB
N-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)acetamide	HMDB
N-Acetyl-4-aminophenol	HMDB
Naldegesic	HMDB
NAPA	HMDB
Napafen	HMDB
Napap	HMDB
Naprinol	HMDB
Nealgyl	HMDB
Nebs	HMDB
Neo-fepramol	HMDB
NeoCitran	HMDB
Neodol	HMDB
Neodolito	HMDB
Neopap	HMDB
Neotrend	HMDB
Neuridon	HMDB
New cortal for children	HMDB
NilnOcen	HMDB
Nina	HMDB
NO-Febril	HMDB
Nobedon	HMDB
Nodolex	HMDB
Noral	HMDB
Norcet	HMDB
Norco	HMDB
O-Acetaminophenol	HMDB
Oltyl	HMDB
Oralgan	HMDB
Oraphen-PD	HMDB
Ortensan	HMDB
Oxycet	HMDB
Oxycocet	HMDB
Oxycodone 2.5/apap 500	HMDB
Oxycodone 5/apap 500	HMDB
p-(Acetylamino)phenol	HMDB
Paceco	HMDB
Pacemo	HMDB
Pacemol	HMDB
Pacet	HMDB
Pacimol	HMDB
Paedialgon	HMDB
Paedol	HMDB
Painex	HMDB
Paldesic	HMDB
Pamol	HMDB
Panacete	HMDB
Panadeine	HMDB
Panadeine co	HMDB
Panadiene	HMDB
Panado-co	HMDB
Panado-co caplets	HMDB
Panadol extra strength	HMDB
Panadol junior strength caplets	HMDB
Panadol maximum strength caplets	HMDB
Panadol maximum strength tablets	HMDB
Panaleve	HMDB
Panamax	HMDB
Panasorb	HMDB
Panasorbe	HMDB
Panets	HMDB
Panex	HMDB
Panodil	HMDB
Panofen	HMDB
Pantalgin	HMDB
Papa-deine #3	HMDB
Papa-deine #4	HMDB
Para-suppo	HMDB
Para-tabs	HMDB
Paracemol	HMDB
Paracenol	HMDB
Paracet	HMDB
Paracetamol al	HMDB
Paracetamol antipanin p	HMDB
Paracetamol basics	HMDB
Paracetamol BC	HMDB
Paracetamol DC	HMDB
Paracetamol dr. schmidgall	HMDB
Paracetamol fecofar	HMDB
Paracetamol genericon	HMDB
Paracetamol hanseler	HMDB
Paracetamol harkley	HMDB
Paracetamol heumann	HMDB
Paracetamol hexal	HMDB
Paracetamol italfarmaco	HMDB
Paracetamol nycomed	HMDB
Paracetamol PB	HMDB
Paracetamol raffo	HMDB
Paracetamol ratiopharm	HMDB
Paracetamol rosch	HMDB
Paracetamol saar	HMDB
Paracetamol smithkline beecham	HMDB
Paracetamol stada	HMDB
Paracetamol von CT	HMDB
Paracetamol winthrop	HMDB
Paracetamole	HMDB
Paracetamolo	HMDB
Paracetanol	HMDB
Paracetol	HMDB
Paracin	HMDB
Paracod	HMDB
Paracodol	HMDB
Parador	HMDB
Paradrops	HMDB
Parakapton	HMDB
Parake	HMDB
Paralen	HMDB
Paralief	HMDB
Paralink	HMDB
Paralyoc	HMDB
Paramol	HMDB
Paramolan	HMDB
Paranox	HMDB
Parapan	HMDB
Parasedol	HMDB
Parasin	HMDB
Paraspen	HMDB
Parcetol	HMDB
Parelan	HMDB
Parmol	HMDB
Parogal	HMDB
Paroma	HMDB
Pasolind	HMDB
Pasolind N	HMDB
PCM Paracetamol lichtenstein	HMDB
Pe-tam	HMDB
Pediapirin	HMDB
Pediatrix	HMDB
Pedric	HMDB
Percocet	HMDB
Percocet-5	HMDB
Percocet-demi	HMDB
Percogesic with codeine	HMDB
Perdolan mono	HMDB
Phenaphen	HMDB
Phenaphen caplets	HMDB
Phenaphen w/codeine	HMDB
Phendon	HMDB
Phenipirin	HMDB
Phogoglandin	HMDB
Phrenilin	HMDB
Phrenilin forte	HMDB
Pinex	HMDB
Piramin	HMDB
Pirinasol	HMDB
Plicet	HMDB
Polmofen	HMDB
Predimol	HMDB
Predualito	HMDB
Prestwick_13	HMDB
Prodol	HMDB
Prompt	HMDB
Prontina	HMDB
Propacet	HMDB
Propacet 100	HMDB
Proval #3	HMDB
Puernol	HMDB
Pulmofen	HMDB
Pyregesic-C	HMDB
Pyrigesic	HMDB
Pyrinazine	HMDB
Pyromed	HMDB
Quiet world	HMDB
Redutemp	HMDB
Reliv	HMDB
Remedol	HMDB
Rhinex D-lay tablets	HMDB
Rivalgyl	HMDB
Robigesic	HMDB
Robitussin night relief	HMDB
Rockamol plus	HMDB
Rounox	HMDB
Roxicet	HMDB
Roxicet 5/500	HMDB
Roxilox	HMDB
RubieMol	HMDB
Rubophen	HMDB
Rupemol	HMDB
Salzone	HMDB
Sanicet	HMDB
Sanicopyrine	HMDB
Scanol	HMDB
Scentalgyl	HMDB
Scherzatabletten rezeptur 534	HMDB
Schmerzex	HMDB
Sedalito	HMDB
Sedapap	HMDB
Semolacin	HMDB
Servigesic	HMDB
Seskamol	HMDB
Setakop	HMDB
Setamol	HMDB
Setol	HMDB
Sifenol	HMDB
Sinaspril	HMDB
Sine-OFF sinus medicine caplets	HMDB
Sinedol	HMDB
Sinmol	HMDB
Sinubid	HMDB
SK-Apap	HMDB
Snaplets-FR	HMDB
Spalt fur die nacht	HMDB
Spalt N	HMDB
ST Joseph aspirin-free	HMDB
ST Joseph aspirin-free for children	HMDB
St. joseph cold tablets for children	HMDB
St. joseph fever reducer	HMDB
Stanback	HMDB
Stopain	HMDB
Sudafed severe cold formula	HMDB
Sudafed sinus	HMDB
Sunetheton	HMDB
Supac	HMDB
Supadol mono	HMDB
Supofen	HMDB
Suppap	HMDB
Suppap-120	HMDB
Suppap-325	HMDB
Suppap-650	HMDB
Supramol-m	HMDB
Synalgos-DC-a	HMDB
Tabalgin	HMDB
Tachiprina	HMDB
Talacen	HMDB
Tapanol extra strength caplets	HMDB
Tapanol extra strength tablets	HMDB
Tapar	HMDB
Tavist allergy/sinus/headache	HMDB
Tazamol	HMDB
Temlo	HMDB
Tempanal	HMDB
Tempra	HMDB
Tempra caplets	HMDB
Tempra chewable tablets	HMDB
Tempra d.s	HMDB
Tempra drops	HMDB
Tempra syrup	HMDB
Tencon	HMDB
Termacet	HMDB
Termalgin	HMDB
Termalgine	HMDB
Termofren	HMDB
TheraFlu	HMDB
Tibinide	HMDB
Tibizide	HMDB
Tiffy	HMDB
Tisin	HMDB
Tisiodrazida	HMDB
Titralgan	HMDB
Tizide	HMDB
Tocris-1706	HMDB
Toximer p	HMDB
Tralgon	HMDB
Treupel mon	HMDB
Treupel N	HMDB
Treuphadol	HMDB
Triad	HMDB
Triaminic sore throat formula	HMDB
Triaprin	HMDB
Tricoton	HMDB
Tussapap	HMDB
Tycolet	HMDB
TYL	HMDB
Tylenol allergy sinus	HMDB
Tylenol arthritis extended relief	HMDB
Tylenol caplets	HMDB
Tylenol children's chewable tablets	HMDB
Tylenol children's elixir	HMDB
Tylenol children's suspension liquid	HMDB
Tylenol drops	HMDB
Tylenol elixir	HMDB
Tylenol extra strength adult liquid pain reliever	HMDB
Tylenol extra strength caplets	HMDB
Tylenol extra strength gelcaps	HMDB
Tylenol extra strength tablets	HMDB
Tylenol gelcaps	HMDB
Tylenol infants drops	HMDB
Tylenol infants" suspension drops	HMDB
Tylenol junior strength caplets	HMDB
Tylenol junior strength chewable tablets	HMDB
Tylenol regular strength caplets	HMDB
Tylenol regular strength tablets	HMDB
Tylenol tablets	HMDB
Tylex	HMDB
Tylex CD	HMDB
Tylol	HMDB
Tylox	HMDB
Tylox-325	HMDB
Tymol	HMDB
Ultracet	HMDB
Upsanol	HMDB
Utragin	HMDB
Valadol	HMDB
Valgesic	HMDB
Valorin	HMDB
Valorin extra	HMDB
Vanquish	HMDB
Veralgina	HMDB
Vermidon	HMDB
Verpol	HMDB
Viclor richet	HMDB
Vicodin	HMDB
Vicodin es	HMDB
Vicodin HP	HMDB
Vips	HMDB
Viruflu	HMDB
Vivimed	HMDB
Volpan	HMDB
Wygesic	HMDB
Zatinol	HMDB
Zolben	HMDB
Acetaco	HMDB
Anacin3	HMDB
N-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)acetanilide	HMDB
Acetominophen	HMDB
Hydroxyacetanilide	HMDB
Acetamidophenol	HMDB
Anacin 3	HMDB

Chemical Formula

C₈H₉NO₂

Average Molecular Mass

151.163 g/mol

Monoisotopic Mass

151.063 g/mol

CAS Registry Number

103-90-2

IUPAC Name

N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetamide

Traditional Name

acetaminophen

SMILES

CC(=O)NC1=CC=C(O)C=C1

InChI Identifier

InChI=1S/C8H9NO2/c1-6(10)9-7-2-4-8(11)5-3-7/h2-5,11H,1H3,(H,9,10)

InChI Key

RZVAJINKPMORJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N

Chemical Taxonomy

Description

Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as 1-hydroxy-2-unsubstituted benzenoids. These are phenols that are unsubstituted at the 2-position.

Kingdom

Organic compounds

Super Class

Benzenoids

Class

Phenols

Sub Class

1-hydroxy-2-unsubstituted benzenoids

Direct Parent

1-hydroxy-2-unsubstituted benzenoids

Alternative Parents

Substituents

1-hydroxy-2-unsubstituted benzenoid
Monocyclic benzene moiety
Organic 1,3-dipolar compound
Propargyl-type 1,3-dipolar organic compound
Carboximidic acid derivative
Carboximidic acid
Organic nitrogen compound
Organic oxygen compound
Organopnictogen compound
Hydrocarbon derivative
Organooxygen compound
Organonitrogen compound
Aromatic homomonocyclic compound

Molecular Framework

Aromatic homomonocyclic compounds

External Descriptors

phenols (CHEBI:46195 )
acetamides (CHEBI:46195 )
a small molecule (CPD-7669 )

Biological Properties

Status

Detected and Not Quantified

Origin

Exogenous

Cellular Locations

Cytoplasm
Extracellular

Biofluid Locations

Not Available

Tissue Locations

All Tissues

Applications

Biological Roles

Chemical Roles

Organoleptic Effects

Not Available

Physical Properties

State

Solid

Appearance

White powder.

Experimental Properties

Property	Value
Melting Point	169-171°C
Boiling Point	Not Available
Solubility	1.4E+004 mg/L (at 25°C)

Predicted Properties

Property	Value	Source
Water Solubility	4.15 g/L	ALOGPS
logP	0.51	ALOGPS
logP	0.91	ChemAxon
logS	-1.6	ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)	9.46	ChemAxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)	-4.4	ChemAxon
Physiological Charge	0	ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count	2	ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count	2	ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area	49.33 Å²	ChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count	1	ChemAxon
Refractivity	42.9 m³·mol⁻¹	ChemAxon
Polarizability	15.52 Å³	ChemAxon
Number of Rings	1	ChemAxon
Bioavailability	Yes	ChemAxon
Rule of Five	Yes	ChemAxon
Ghose Filter	No	ChemAxon
Veber's Rule	No	ChemAxon
MDDR-like Rule	No	ChemAxon

Spectra

Spectrum Type	Description	Splash Key	Deposition Date	View
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum	splash10-0a4i-4971200000-17e6e1373f10ba4ec138	Not Available	View Spectrum
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum	splash10-0a4i-1900000000-df97f74a81da3a46a697	Not Available	View Spectrum
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum	splash10-0a4i-4900000000-ef277124e1b50b5f010e	Not Available	View Spectrum
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum	splash10-0udi-0900000000-7aa6a54b74b345d91e37	Not Available	View Spectrum
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum	splash10-0a4i-4971200000-17e6e1373f10ba4ec138	Not Available	View Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum	splash10-0a4i-3900000000-070b8ab49f93898e0aa4	Not Available	View Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum	splash10-05gl-8930000000-76d6dca6afdf5945dba1	Not Available	View Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum	Not Available	Not Available	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-0w29-3900000000-97741eddc3be9c7eaea8	Not Available	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-0ik9-1900000000-1ddd59340d1db920fa66	Not Available	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-00kf-9000000000-148fa91ce08e13165712	Not Available	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-0a4i-1900000000-5997c3f6cdebc5326b65	Not Available	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-0a4i-4900000000-ef277124e1b50b5f010e	Not Available	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-0udi-0900000000-7aa6a54b74b345d91e37	Not Available	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-0zfr-0900000000-125e44ce332576a1e155	Not Available	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-0udi-0900000000-7e46df4b4b653c90c258	Not Available	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-0udi-0900000000-bb6e34d2d574a249d721	Not Available	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-0udi-0900000000-2f45dd7efce38361f806	Not Available	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-0pb9-0900000000-e48b48d64b6b985ab455	Not Available	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-0a4i-0900000000-b72b0e33fd35512fe6de	Not Available	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-0a4i-0900000000-97bcaa95f26159307d03	Not Available	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-0udi-0900000000-c50b4b79792e2c2e68f9	Not Available	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-0udi-0900000000-7e46df4b4b653c90c258	Not Available	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-0udi-0900000000-2b07cd2813d3f23e88f1	Not Available	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-0pb9-0900000000-5b92f09589afe838f23a	Not Available	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-0a4i-0900000000-f0ca5ff6526b9f005034	Not Available	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-0udi-0900000000-7e45ef71674dcdde9068	Not Available	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-0w29-1900000000-38d21a339e82f461beac	Not Available	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-0udi-0900000000-d953f92b362e4b262210	Not Available	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-0udi-0900000000-3170dca3f927500ea230	Not Available	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-0udi-0900000000-f835e92fb0bae0c7b8bc	Not Available	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-0w29-0900000000-4e01c7ff07665fcdb218	Not Available	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-03di-0900000000-a3c279c288bb690496b3	Not Available	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-03di-2900000000-4435e0230105d5d28a94	Not Available	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-03di-6900000000-76671cc7ad1df1b5983d	Not Available	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-0udi-0900000000-9895c5f2b10912092523	Not Available	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-0udi-0900000000-d73797c93a4ef79ea79e	Not Available	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-0w29-0900000000-22d62a7732ed3d99e87d	Not Available	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-03di-0900000000-c652f4f179daa6465678	Not Available	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-03di-2900000000-0e7e745540d8ec7b99f4	Not Available	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-03di-6900000000-2a4263b38fa30bc64dd0	Not Available	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-0w29-0900000000-cf0ac615ec636ce7a253	Not Available	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-03di-0900000000-428d8023ee5761fed84c	Not Available	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-03di-0900000000-ed26fb95b6aea6986085	Not Available	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-03di-1900000000-5b942e17f1e66a3832b8	Not Available	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-03di-0900000000-d6a7498b8d87d4e00028	Not Available	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-03di-0900000000-9ff40d4cd8c0f46836c2	Not Available	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-0w29-0900000000-fcf8e62537bd6db11b3a	Not Available	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-0w29-0900000000-c27e8f1522f41492aae3	Not Available	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-0w29-0900000000-b1f307aa4ea62f75a6e2	Not Available	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-014i-9000000000-e25a19ffc90eaa8c0b83	Not Available	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-03di-8900000000-b066497363eecde48992	Not Available	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-0w29-0900000000-2810c4f9cf793e6a1280	Not Available	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-0a4i-0900000000-f6d6bd9ad3bc874fabd5	Not Available	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-0a4i-0900000000-7ec733f46e03a5a79fc4	Not Available	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-03di-6900000000-9a9042d113d54eab49ed	Not Available	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-014i-9000000000-1f245a7a7f5ec0a4188b	Not Available	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-03di-0900000000-d6a7498b8d87d4e00028	Not Available	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-0udi-0900000000-bb6e34d2d574a249d721	Not Available	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-0w29-0900000000-fef297ff805f8db233f1	Not Available	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-0w29-0900000000-0d8116e35ea1eb2c0ed6	Not Available	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-0udi-0900000000-2f45dd7efce38361f806	Not Available	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-03di-0900000000-9ff40d4cd8c0f46836c2	Not Available	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-0udi-0900000000-7e46df4b4b653c90c258	Not Available	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-03di-1900000000-5b942e17f1e66a3832b8	Not Available	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-03di-0900000000-c9d1b55ac09e031197f2	Not Available	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-0udi-0900000000-539d7ef0610998fa255e	Not Available	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-03di-6900000000-069a9f0b4659569103d5	Not Available	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-03di-1900000000-f3793f07afce760fff06	Not Available	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-03di-0900000000-ed26fb95b6aea6986085	Not Available	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-0zfr-0900000000-125e44ce332576a1e155	Not Available	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-0w30-0900000000-9ced8da0c1ba3c99da94	Not Available	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-0pb9-0900000000-e48b48d64b6b985ab455	Not Available	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-03di-0900000000-c8720718645fd42a2aad	Not Available	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-03di-2900000000-57063cf18fb4f12c86d3	Not Available	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-0a4i-0900000000-b72b0e33fd35512fe6de	Not Available	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-0udi-0900000000-8a48c398a1fcd18a3965	Not Available	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-03dl-6900000000-9e5491582c53b1fe38da	Not Available	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-0w29-0900000000-b5f18ad12b22a6c01e83	Not Available	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-0udi-0900000000-2b07cd2813d3f23e88f1	Not Available	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-0a4i-0900000000-97bcaa95f26159307d03	Not Available	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-03di-6900000000-5666fced25c2bb7ce80d	Not Available	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-0udi-0900000000-a844191dc0595551d757	Not Available	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-0udi-0900000000-cce845bf3378413d5145	Not Available	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-0w29-1900000000-0fbdbbde6c7b9763fef1	Not Available	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-0pb9-0900000000-5b92f09589afe838f23a	Not Available	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-0a4i-0900000000-f0ca5ff6526b9f005034	Not Available	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-0w29-0900000000-f59669adb231b3084831	Not Available	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-0w29-0900000000-b02d28745e7e2e077dd8	Not Available	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-0w29-0900000000-1a365b1d5a1bed429cda	Not Available	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-0udi-0900000000-05d254f59d2b9a1cdb99	Not Available	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-0w29-0900000000-48a92c89855b86ce1c44	Not Available	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-03xr-9700000000-4704f18c2b30e7d4b4f1	Not Available	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-03di-0900000000-bbbce48e92cadfcd3619	Not Available	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-03di-2900000000-41e3f737815cf393f4d6	Not Available	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-03di-4900000000-d59f856eb2831dfe2eef	Not Available	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-0udi-0900000000-7e45ef71674dcdde9068	Not Available	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-0a4i-2900000000-1ac6f01bd55c303a7752	Not Available	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-0a4i-0900000000-ab0e2f7e82eb134f3b0a	Not Available	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-0a4i-0900000000-1876114b794275814876	Not Available	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-0a4i-0900000000-39385fabf0a494012abc	Not Available	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-0a4i-0900000000-d43684d0a48bdabe138e	Not Available	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-0zfr-0900000000-b8bdff7347c1a81a6cb1	Not Available	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-0a4i-0900000000-75bb3fca4fa6220b174c	Not Available	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-0a4i-0900000000-149c09f49abe5f9581f2	Not Available	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-0zfr-0900000000-0145273b7145728775e0	Not Available	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-0a4i-0900000000-00e12b1805f379cd3062	Not Available	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-0a7i-9600000000-3a0dd97400bd7ecff7d0	Not Available	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-0udi-0900000000-92761f5b18a4de851da8	Not Available	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-0pb9-1900000000-5f270ee30747595c5483	Not Available	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-0a4i-5900000000-2097a693ba6db334acec	Not Available	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-0udi-0900000000-c294e68376c4342ea785	Not Available	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-0zfr-1900000000-4f25dccf6d47dd58d2a7	Not Available	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-0a6r-9700000000-d48e422b9a01939be799	Not Available	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-0w29-0900000000-df88313d6742def91559	Not Available	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-03e9-3900000000-2f0c240d533e1efb30e9	Not Available	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-053r-9100000000-cd8116562fbd9efbe616	Not Available	View Spectrum
MS	MS Spectrum	splash10-0a4i-4900000000-ffdd0f8a1e6e450fc162	Not Available	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹H NMR Spectrum (1D, D₂O, predicted)	Not Available	Not Available	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹³C NMR Spectrum (1D, D₂O, predicted)	Not Available	Not Available	View Spectrum

Toxicity Profile

Mechanism of Toxicity

Paracetamol toxicity is one of the most common causes of poisoning worldwide. The toxic effects of acetaminophen are due to a minor alkylating metabolite (N-acetyl-p-benzo-quinone imine – also known as NAPQI), not acetaminophen itself nor any of the other major metabolites. Cytochromes P450 2E1 and 3A4 convert approximately 5% of paracetamol to NAPQI. This toxic metabolite reacts with sulfhydryl groups on proteins and with glutathione (GSH). NAPQI depletes the liver's natural antioxidant glutathione and directly damages cells in the liver, leading to liver failure. In animal studies, hepatic glutathione must be depleted to less than 70% of normal levels before hepatotoxicity occurs. More specifically, oxidation by NAPQI of GSH to GSSG (oxidized glutathione) and the reduction of GSSG back to GSH by the NADPH-dependent glutathione reductase appear to be responsible for the rapid oxidation of NADPH that occurs in hepatocytes incubated with NAPQI. Risk factors for toxicity include excessive chronic alcohol intake, fasting or anorexia nervosa, and the use of certain drugs such as isoniazid. At usual doses, paracetamol is quickly detoxified by combining irreversibly with the sulfhydryl group of glutathione to produce a non-toxic conjugate that is eventually excreted by the kidneys. The toxic dose of paracetamol is highly variable. In adults, single doses above 10 grams or 200 mg/kg of bodyweight, whichever is lower, have a reasonable likelihood of causing toxicity.

Carcinogenicity (IARC Classification)

3, not classifiable as to its carcinogenicity to humans. (32)

Minimum Risk Level

Not Available

Symptoms

When taken at the recommended dose, side-effects of paracetamol are rare. Skin rashes, blood disorders and a swollen pancreas have occasionally happened in people taking the drug on a regular basis for a long time. The signs and symptoms of paracetamol toxicity occur in three phases. The first phase begins within hours of overdose, and consists of nausea, vomiting, pallor, and sweating. Rarely, after massive overdoses, patients may develop symptoms of metabolic acidosis and coma early in the course of poisoning.The second phase occurs between 24 and 72 hours following overdose and consists of signs of increasing liver damage. In general, damage occurs in hepatocytes as they metabolize the paracetamol. The individual may experience right upper quadrant pain. Acute kidney failure may also occur during this phase, typically caused by either hepatorenal syndrome or multiple organ dysfunction syndrome. The third phase follows at 3 to 5 days, and is marked by complications of massive hepatic necrosis leading to fulminant hepatic failure with complications of coagulation defects, hypoglycemia, kidney failure, hepatic encephalopathy, cerebral edema, sepsis, multiple organ failure, and death.

Treatment

In adults, the initial treatment for paracetamol overdose is gastrointestinal decontamination. Paracetamol absorption from the gastrointestinal tract is complete within two hours under normal circumstances, so decontamination is most helpful if performed within this timeframe. Gastric lavage, better known as stomach pumping, may be considered if the amount ingested is potentially life-threatening and the procedure can be performed within 60 minutes of ingestion. Acetylcysteine, when used early in the course of treatment, reduces morbidity and virtually eliminating mortality associated with even a massive acetaminophen overdose. (36) In patients who develop fulminant hepatic failure or who are otherwise expected to die from liver failure, the mainstay of management is liver transplantation.

Toxicity Values

Toxicity Value	Unit	Value Range	Organism	Dose Descriptor	Route of Exposure	Predicted or Experimental	Reference
338.0	mg/kg	Not Available	Mouse	LD50	Oral	experimental	A308
1944.0	mg/kg	Not Available	Rat	LD50	Oral	experimental	A308
1625.0	Log mg/kg	[910:2900]	Rat	LD50	oral	predicted	Not Available

Health Effects

Health Effect	Relationship	Direction	Reference
hypertension	is_treatment_for	Not Available	PMC10893462
inflammation	is_treatment_for	Not Available	PMC12085248
cancer	associated_with	increase	PMC9454765
fatigue	is_treatment_for	Not Available	PMC12496125
fever	is_treatment_for	Not Available	PMC10383651 , PMC10386104 , PMC13342574 , PMC6201998 , PMC8720699
pain	is_treatment_for	Not Available	PMC11859530 , PMC11859530 , PMC11859530 , PMC11859530 , PMC11859530 , PMC13342574 , PMC6160138 , PMC6160138 , PMC6201998 , PMC8502730
pain	has_therapeutic_effect_on	Not Available	PMC12684957
headache	is_treatment_for	Not Available	PMC10383651 , PMC10386104
necrosis	associated_with	Not Available	PMC13298484

Exposure Sources

Source ID	Source	Sector	Reference
10	Insecticides	Agriculture & land management	Not Available
19	Indoor air	Air, dust & atmospheric transport	Not Available
115	Drinking water	Drinking water & water supply	Not Available
233	Brushes	Personal care & cosmetics	Not Available
370	Analgesics	Healthcare, pharmaceuticals & veterinary products	Not Available
490		Personal care & cosmetics	Not Available
495	Ceilings	Building & Construction	Not Available
496	Fencing	Building & Construction	Not Available
497	Floors	Building & Construction	Not Available
499	Roofs	Building & Construction	Not Available
503	Tents Or Canopies	Building & Construction	Not Available
505	Amplifiers	Electrical & Electronic Equipment	Not Available
506	Antennas	Electrical & Electronic Equipment	Not Available
507	Auxiliary Devices	Electrical & Electronic Equipment	Not Available
508	Coils	Electrical & Electronic Equipment	Not Available
510	Communication Cables Or Conductors	Electrical & Electronic Equipment	Not Available
511	Conductors Or Conductive Bodies Characterised By The Conductive Materials	Electrical & Electronic Equipment	Not Available
513	Cores Yokes Or Armatures	Electrical & Electronic Equipment	Not Available
514	Discharge Lamps	Electrical & Electronic Equipment	Not Available
515	Discharge Tubes With Liquid Pool Cathodes	Electrical & Electronic Equipment	Not Available
516	Electric Hearing Aids	Electrical & Electronic Equipment	Not Available
517	Electric Switches	Electrical & Electronic Equipment	Not Available
518	Electrically Stimulated Smoking Devices	Electrical & Electronic Equipment	Not Available
519	Electrodes	Electrical & Electronic Equipment	Not Available
520	Emergency Protective Devices	Electrical & Electronic Equipment	Not Available
521	Fixed Capacitors And Their Manufacture	Electrical & Electronic Equipment	Not Available
523	Gas Filled Discharge Tubes With Solid Cathode	Electrical & Electronic Equipment	Not Available
524	Hybrid Capacitors	Electrical & Electronic Equipment	Not Available
525	Line Transmission Systems	Electrical & Electronic Equipment	Not Available
527	Magnets	Electrical & Electronic Equipment	Not Available
529	Power Cables	Electrical & Electronic Equipment	Not Available
530	Radio Transmission Systems	Electrical & Electronic Equipment	Not Available
531	Relays	Electrical & Electronic Equipment	Not Available
532	Selectors	Electrical & Electronic Equipment	Not Available
533	Sparking Plugs	Electrical & Electronic Equipment	Not Available
535	Superconducting Magnets And Superconducting Coils	Electrical & Electronic Equipment	Not Available
536	Superconductive Or Hyperconductive Conductors Cables Or Transmission Lines	Electrical & Electronic Equipment	Not Available
537	Television Systems	Electrical & Electronic Equipment	Not Available
538	Thin Magnetic Films	Electrical & Electronic Equipment	Not Available
540	X Ray Tubes	Electrical & Electronic Equipment	Not Available
544	Fermentation Processes For Beer	Food, food processing & cookware	Not Available
545	Food Preservation	Food, food processing & cookware	Not Available
548	Preparation Of Vinegar	Food, food processing & cookware	Not Available
549	Preparation Of Wine Or Sparkling Wine	Food, food processing & cookware	Not Available
551	Processing Fish	Food, food processing & cookware	Not Available
552	Processing Meats	Food, food processing & cookware	Not Available
555	Bleaching Agents	Household cleaning & consumer products	Not Available
556	Cigar Cigarettes	Household cleaning & consumer products	Not Available
559	Non Electric Simulated Smoking Devices	Household cleaning & consumer products	Not Available
560	Other Smoking Requisites	Household cleaning & consumer products	Not Available
561	Perfumes Within Detergents And Soaps	Household cleaning & consumer products	Not Available
562	Pipe Accessories	Household cleaning & consumer products	Not Available
563	Soap Detergents	Household cleaning & consumer products	Not Available
564	Soap Dispensers	Household cleaning & consumer products	Not Available
566	Tobacco Pipes	Household cleaning & consumer products	Not Available
569	Tobacco Smoke Filters	Household cleaning & consumer products	Not Available
578	Making Cigars	Industrial manufacturing & chemical processing	Not Available
579	Manufacture Of Iron Or Steel	Industrial manufacturing & chemical processing	Not Available
580	Manufacture Preparation Of Tobacco Products	Industrial manufacturing & chemical processing	Not Available
581	Paper Making Machines	Industrial manufacturing & chemical processing	Not Available
584	Buoys	Marine, shipping & aquaculture	Not Available
589	Life Buoys	Marine, shipping & aquaculture	Not Available
591	Lifeboats	Marine, shipping & aquaculture	Not Available
592	Marine Propulsion Or Steering	Marine, shipping & aquaculture	Not Available
594	Ship Hulls	Marine, shipping & aquaculture	Not Available
596	Acaricides	Agriculture & land management	Not Available
598	Fertiliser Distributors	Agriculture & land management	Not Available
600	Herbicides And Algicides	Agriculture & land management	Not Available
603	Nematocides	Agriculture & land management	Not Available
605	Pest Repellants	Agriculture & land management	Not Available
606	Plant Growth Regulators	Agriculture & land management	Not Available
609	Aftershave	Personal care & cosmetics	Not Available
610	Aftersun Products	Personal care & cosmetics	Not Available
611	Anti Perspirants Or Body Deoderants	Personal care & cosmetics	Not Available
612	Body Washing Or Cleaning Implements	Personal care & cosmetics	Not Available
613	Depilatories	Personal care & cosmetics	Not Available
614	Essential Oils Or Perfumes	Personal care & cosmetics	Not Available
615	Eye Makeup Products	Personal care & cosmetics	Not Available
617	Lip Care Products	Personal care & cosmetics	Not Available
618	Lip Makeup Products	Personal care & cosmetics	Not Available
630	Toys	Recreation & sports surfaces	Not Available
632	Apparel	Textiles, leather & furnishings	Not Available
633	Azo Dyes	Textiles, leather & furnishings	Not Available
634	Buckles	Textiles, leather & furnishings	Not Available
635	Buttons	Textiles, leather & furnishings	Not Available
639	Degreasing Leather	Textiles, leather & furnishings	Not Available
640	Embroidering And Tufting	Textiles, leather & furnishings	Not Available
642	Footwear	Textiles, leather & furnishings	Not Available
643	Headwear	Textiles, leather & furnishings	Not Available
647	Multicolour Dyeing	Textiles, leather & furnishings	Not Available
650	Purses Luggage Hand Bags	Textiles, leather & furnishings	Not Available
653	Sewing	Textiles, leather & furnishings	Not Available
657	Surface Finishing Of Leather	Textiles, leather & furnishings	Not Available
658	Touch Fasteners	Textiles, leather & furnishings	Not Available
661	Umbrellas	Textiles, leather & furnishings	Not Available
662	Yarns Or Threads	Textiles, leather & furnishings	Not Available

Pathways

4 pathways

Acetaminophen Metabolism Pathway

Acetaminophen Action Pathway

Acetaminophen Action Pathway (New)

Acetaminophen Drug Metabolism Action Pathway

Targets

Structure	Protein	UniProt ID	Organism	Relationship	Details
Click to view 3D structure	Myoglobin	P02144	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	0.0778492
Click to view 3D structure	Carbonic anhydrase 2	P00918	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	7.23998
Click to view 3D structure	Carbonic anhydrase 12	O43570	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	8.87481
Click to view 3D structure	Carbonic anhydrase 3	P07451	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	0.467095
Click to view 3D structure	Carbonic anhydrase 7	P43166	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	8.87481
Click to view 3D structure	Carbonic anhydrase 1	P00915	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	15.7255
Click to view 3D structure	Carbonic anhydrase 15	Q99N23	Mus musculus	Predicted (SEA)	5.68299
Click to view 3D structure	Cytochrome P450 3A4	P08684	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	121.445
Click to view 3D structure	Cytochrome P450 2D6	P10635	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	79.5619
Click to view 3D structure	Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] A	P21397	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	44.7633
Click to view 3D structure	Dual specificity tyrosine-phosphorylation-regulated kinase 1A	Q13627	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	218.445
Click to view 3D structure	Carbonic anhydrase 4	Q95323	Bos taurus	Predicted (SEA)	26.858
Click to view 3D structure	Histone deacetylase 1	Q13547	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	175.472
Click to view 3D structure	Protein deacetylase HDAC6	Q9UBN7	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	199.917
Click to view 3D structure	Photosystem II protein D1	P06402	Marchantia polymorpha	Predicted (SEA)	1.24559
Click to view 3D structure	Carbonic anhydrase 9	Q16790	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	121.678
Click to view 3D structure	Large T antigen	P03070	Simian virus 40	Predicted (SEA)	8.40772
Click to view 3D structure	Carbonic anhydrase 14	Q9ULX7	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	57.2192
Click to view 3D structure	72 kDa type IV collagenase	P08253	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	183.257
Click to view 3D structure	Matrix metalloproteinase-9	P14780	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	174.227
Click to view 3D structure	Succinate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase, mitochondrial	P51649	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	0.778492
Click to view 3D structure	Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] A	Q6Q2J0	Sus scrofa	Predicted (SEA)	5.68299
Click to view 3D structure	Sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase 2	P11507	Rattus norvegicus	Predicted (SEA)	1.08989
Click to view 3D structure	Dual specificity protein kinase CLK4	Q9HAZ1	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	321.673
Click to view 3D structure	Histone deacetylase 2	Q92769	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	147.524
Click to view 3D structure	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	P35354	Humans	Known	Acetaminophen is thought to act primarily in the CNS, increasing the pain threshold by inhibiting both isoforms of cyclooxygenase, COX-1 and COX-2, enzymes involved in prostaglandin (PG) synthesis. Unlike NSAIDs, acetaminophen does not inhibit cyclooxygenase in peripheral tissues and, thus, has no peripheral anti-inflammatory affects. While aspirin acts as an irreversible inhibitor of COX and directly blocks the enzyme's active site, studies have found that acetaminophen indirectly blocks COX, and that this blockade is ineffective in the presence of peroxides. This might explain why acetaminophen is effective in the central nervous system and in endothelial cells but not in platelets and immune cells which have high levels of peroxides. Studies also report data suggesting that acetaminophen selectively blocks a variant of the COX enzyme that is different from the known variants COX-1 and COX-2. This enzyme is now referred to as COX-3. Its exact mechanism of action is still poorly understood, but future research may provide further insight into how it works.
Click to view 3D structure	Carbonic anhydrase 1	P00915	Humans	Known	Not Available
Click to view 3D structure	Carbonic anhydrase 2	P00918	Humans	Known	Not Available
Click to view 3D structure	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 1	P23219	Humans	Known	Acetaminophen is thought to act primarily in the CNS, increasing the pain threshold by inhibiting both isoforms of cyclooxygenase, COX-1 and COX-2, enzymes involved in prostaglandin (PG) synthesis. Unlike NSAIDs, acetaminophen does not inhibit cyclooxygenase in peripheral tissues and, thus, has no peripheral anti-inflammatory affects. While aspirin acts as an irreversible inhibitor of COX and directly blocks the enzyme's active site, studies have found that acetaminophen indirectly blocks COX, and that this blockade is ineffective in the presence of peroxides. This might explain why acetaminophen is effective in the central nervous system and in endothelial cells but not in platelets and immune cells which have high levels of peroxides. Studies also report data suggesting that acetaminophen selectively blocks a variant of the COX enzyme that is different from the known variants COX-1 and COX-2. This enzyme is now referred to as COX-3. Its exact mechanism of action is still poorly understood, but future research may provide further insight into how it works.
Click to view 3D structure	Arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase-activating protein	P20292	Humans	Known	Not Available
Click to view 3D structure	Carbonic anhydrase 12	O43570	Humans	Known	Not Available
Click to view 3D structure	Carbonic anhydrase 14	Q9ULX7	Humans	Known	Not Available
Click to view 3D structure	Carbonic anhydrase 3	P07451	Humans	Known	Not Available
Click to view 3D structure	Carbonic anhydrase 4	P22748	Humans	Known	Not Available
Click to view 3D structure	Carbonic anhydrase 5A, mitochondrial	P35218	Humans	Known	Not Available
Click to view 3D structure	Carbonic anhydrase 5B, mitochondrial	Q9Y2D0	Humans	Known	Not Available
Click to view 3D structure	Carbonic anhydrase 6	P23280	Humans	Known	Not Available
Click to view 3D structure	Carbonic anhydrase 7	P43166	Humans	Known	Not Available
Click to view 3D structure	Carbonic anhydrase 9	Q16790	Humans	Known	Not Available
Click to view 3D structure	Cytochrome P450 1A1	P04798	Humans	Known	Not Available
Click to view 3D structure	Myoglobin	P02144	Humans	Known	Not Available
Click to view 3D structure	Aldehyde dehydrogenase, mitochondrial	P05091	Humans	Known	Not Available
Click to view 3D structure	Cytochrome P450 2E1	P05181	Humans	Known	Not Available
Click to view 3D structure	Cytochrome P450 3A4	P08684	Humans	Known	Not Available
Click to view 3D structure	Cytosolic 10-formyltetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase	O75891	Humans	Known	Not Available
Click to view 3D structure	Glutamate dehydrogenase 1, mitochondrial	P00367	Humans	Known	Not Available
Click to view 3D structure	Glutamine synthetase	P15104	Humans	Known	Not Available
Click to view 3D structure	Glutathione peroxidase 1	P07203	Humans	Known	Not Available
Click to view 3D structure	Glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase [NAD(+)], cytoplasmic	P21695	Humans	Known	Not Available
Click to view 3D structure	Albumin	P02768	Humans	Known	Not Available
Click to view 3D structure	Sulfotransferase 1A3	P0DMM9	Humans	Known	Not Available
Click to view 3D structure	Thioredoxin reductase 1, cytoplasmic	Q16881	Humans	Known	Not Available
Click to view 3D structure	Thioredoxin reductase 2, mitochondrial	Q9NNW7	Humans	Known	Not Available

Concentrations

Not Available

External Links

DrugBank ID

DB00316

HMDB ID

HMDB0001859

FooDB ID

FDB022713

Phenol Explorer ID

Not Available

KNApSAcK ID

C00044491

BiGG ID

Not Available

BioCyc ID

CPD-7669

METLIN ID

6353

PDB ID

Not Available

Wikipedia Link

Chemspider ID

ChEBI ID

PubChem Compound ID

Kegg Compound ID

YMDB ID

Not Available

ECMDB ID

Not Available

References

Synthesis Reference

Jeffrey L. Finnan, Rudolph E. Lisa, Douglass N. Schmidt, “Process for preparing spray dried acetaminophen powder and the powder prepared thereby.” U.S. Patent US4710519, issued October, 1975.

MSDS

Link

General References

1. Mung D, Li L: Applying quantitative metabolomics based on chemical isotope labeling LC-MS for detecting potential milk adulterant in human milk. Anal Chim Acta. 2018 Feb 25;1001:78-85. doi: 10.1016/j.aca.2017.11.019. Epub 2017 Nov 14.

2. Muldrew KL, James LP, Coop L, McCullough SS, Hendrickson HP, Hinson JA, Mayeux PR: Determination of acetaminophen-protein adducts in mouse liver and serum and human serum after hepatotoxic doses of acetaminophen using high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. Drug Metab Dispos. 2002 Apr;30(4):446-51.

3. Bales JR, Nicholson JK, Sadler PJ: Two-dimensional proton nuclear magnetic resonance "maps" of acetaminophen metabolites in human urine. Clin Chem. 1985 May;31(5):757-62.

4. van der Marel CD, Anderson BJ, Pluim MA, de Jong TH, Gonzalez A, Tibboel D: Acetaminophen in cerebrospinal fluid in children. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 2003 Aug;59(4):297-302. Epub 2003 Jul 4.

5. Watari N, Iwai M, Kaneniwa N: Pharmacokinetic study of the fate of acetaminophen and its conjugates in rats. J Pharmacokinet Biopharm. 1983 Jun;11(3):245-72.

6. Kunkel A, Watzig H: Micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography as a powerful tool for pharmacological investigations without sample pretreatment: a precise technique providing cost advantages and limits of detection to the low nanomolar range. Electrophoresis. 1999 Sep;20(12):2379-89.

7. Vanbinst R, Koenig J, Di Fazio V, Hassoun A: Bile analysis of drugs in postmortem cases. Forensic Sci Int. 2002 Aug 14;128(1-2):35-40.

8. Quattrone AJ, Putnam RS: A single liquid-chromatographic procedure for therapeutic monitoring of theophylline, acetaminophen, or ethosuximide. Clin Chem. 1981 Jan;27(1):129-32.

9. Smilgin Z, Drozdzik M, Gawronska-Szklarz B, Wojcicki J, Tustanowski S, Gornik W: [Pharmacokinetics of acetaminophen in individuals occupationally exposed to polyvinyl chloride modified with plasticizers]. Med Pr. 1993;44(5):423-9.