Pentane (CED0002251)

Record Information

Version

1.0

Creation Date

2009-07-30 17:58:13 UTC

Update Date

2026-03-31 16:59:19 UTC

SynCED ID

CED0002251

Secondary Accession Numbers

CHEM002457
T3D3428

Identification

Common Name

Pentane

Class

Small Molecule

Description

Pentane is an exogenous organic compound with the formula C5H12 and an average molecular weight of 72.15 g/mol. Pentane belongs to the alkanes, a subclass of saturated hydrocarbons within the organic compounds. At room temperature, this compound exists as a liquid. Pentane is utilized as a non-polar chemical solvent, an industrial solvent (PMC10882674 ), and a refrigerant. It serves as a non-motive propellant blowing agent for industrial applications. In the plastics industry, it is used in the production of polyurethane, polystyrene, expanded polystyrene, and high-density polyethylene. The compound is associated with 57 recorded sources. These include building and construction materials such as roofs, floors, ceilings, fencing, and stairs and ramps. It is found in electrical and electronic equipment, including amplifiers, antennas, coils, auxiliary devices, and communication cables or conductors. Within household cleaning and consumer products, it is present in ash trays, bleaching agents, cigar cigarettes, other smoking requisites, and non-electric simulated smoking devices. Pentane is also found in drinking water and water supply, as well as in food, food processing, and cookware, specifically regarding food contact materials, food preservation, the preparation of vinegar, the preparation of wine or sparkling wine, and fermentation processes for beer. Recorded routes of exposure include touch, oral, and inhalation.

Contaminant Type

Food Toxin
Gasoline Additive/Component
Household Toxin
Industrial/Workplace Toxin
Metabolite
Natural Compound
Organic Compound
Plant Toxin
Solvent

Chemical Structure

MOL SDF PDB SMILES InChI

Synonyms

Value	Source
CH3-[CH2]3-CH3	ChEBI
N-Pentane	ChEBI
Pentan	ChEBI
R-601	ChEBI
Pentane	MeSH

Chemical Formula

C₅H₁₂

Average Molecular Mass

72.149 g/mol

Monoisotopic Mass

72.094 g/mol

CAS Registry Number

109-66-0

IUPAC Name

pentane

Traditional Name

pentane

SMILES

CCCCC

InChI Identifier

InChI=1S/C5H12/c1-3-5-4-2/h3-5H2,1-2H3

InChI Key

OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N

Chemical Taxonomy

Description

Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as alkanes. These are acyclic branched or unbranched hydrocarbons having the general formula CnH2n+2 , and therefore consisting entirely of hydrogen atoms and saturated carbon atoms.

Kingdom

Organic compounds

Super Class

Hydrocarbons

Class

Saturated hydrocarbons

Sub Class

Alkanes

Direct Parent

Alkanes

Alternative Parents

Not Available

Substituents

Acyclic alkane
Alkane
Aliphatic acyclic compound

Molecular Framework

Aliphatic acyclic compounds

External Descriptors

alkane (CHEBI:37830 )
Hydrocarbons (LMFA11000583 )
a small molecule (CPD-9285 )

Biological Properties

Status

Detected and Not Quantified

Origin

Exogenous

Cellular Locations

Membrane

Biofluid Locations

Not Available

Tissue Locations

Not Available

Applications

Biological Roles

Not Available

Chemical Roles

non-polar solvent ?

Organoleptic Effects

Not Available

Physical Properties

State

Liquid

Appearance

Colorless liquid.

Experimental Properties

Property	Value
Melting Point	-129°C
Boiling Point	36.1°C (97°F)
Solubility	0.038 mg/mL at 25°C

Predicted Properties

Property	Value	Source
Water Solubility	0.21 g/L	ALOGPS
logP	3.41	ALOGPS
logP	2.69	ChemAxon
logS	-2.5	ALOGPS
Physiological Charge	0	ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count	0	ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count	0	ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area	0 Å²	ChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count	2	ChemAxon
Refractivity	24.81 m³·mol⁻¹	ChemAxon
Polarizability	10.27 Å³	ChemAxon
Number of Rings	0	ChemAxon
Bioavailability	Yes	ChemAxon
Rule of Five	Yes	ChemAxon
Ghose Filter	No	ChemAxon
Veber's Rule	Yes	ChemAxon
MDDR-like Rule	No	ChemAxon

Spectra

Spectrum Type	Description	Splash Key	Deposition Date	View
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum	splash10-0006-9000000000-0165dd3056ca8d4d0cb5	Not Available	View Spectrum
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum	splash10-0006-9000000000-9f4d0bc46cbebba40720	Not Available	View Spectrum
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum	splash10-05fr-9000000000-cb388ccd32b4dda52ab6	Not Available	View Spectrum
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum	splash10-0006-9000000000-0165dd3056ca8d4d0cb5	Not Available	View Spectrum
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum	splash10-0006-9000000000-9f4d0bc46cbebba40720	Not Available	View Spectrum
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum	splash10-05fr-9000000000-cb388ccd32b4dda52ab6	Not Available	View Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum	splash10-0096-9000000000-6e6ed27bdbe4c5c6a23d	Not Available	View Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum	Not Available	Not Available	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-00di-9000000000-b501e0856cab89e4e3ab	Not Available	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-00di-9000000000-d9b92b37a042ac5c5479	Not Available	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-0596-9000000000-ce740c984d3d4904ba6d	Not Available	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-00di-9000000000-b2b45009e87bcf6fc9b0	Not Available	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-00di-9000000000-3029bc7f4a7e9ac563e0	Not Available	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-00di-9000000000-dad710f25814b449a52c	Not Available	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-00di-9000000000-6e73363b636fec5933cb	Not Available	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-01b9-9000000000-88ae36fb47fad76dda72	Not Available	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-00di-9000000000-d35ade13f5e64e28a27e	Not Available	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-00di-9000000000-fbeae64eda05aa02d035	Not Available	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-00di-9000000000-257ce7ee5d4d98efdb17	Not Available	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-0a4l-9000000000-2488085872f716562747	Not Available	View Spectrum
MS	MS Spectrum	splash10-0006-9000000000-3d049919e62aaa7d7da8	Not Available	View Spectrum

Toxicity Profile

Toxicity Values

Toxicity Value	Organism	Dose Descriptor	Route of Exposure	Predicted or Experimental	Toxicity Rating	Reference
446.0 mg/kg	Mouse	LD50	Intravenous	experimental	Not Available	5
364.0 g/m3	Rat	LC50	Inhalation (4 hours)	experimental	Not Available	5
2457.0 Log mg/kg [1400:4400]	Rat	LD50	oral	predicted	Not Available	Not Available

Toxicity / Toxin Class

Not Available

Mechanism of Toxicity

Pentane is a central nervous system depressant. It affects the peripheral nervous system through demyelinization and axonal degeneration. (6)

Carcinogenicity (IARC Classification)

Pentane is found in gasoline, which is possibly carcinogenic to humans (Group 2B). (3)

Minimum Risk Level

Not Available

Symptoms

Pentane is a central nervous system depressant and can cause anorexia, euphoria, dizziness, headache, depression, confusion, inability to concentrate, anoxia, narcosis, and loss of consciousness and coma at high concentrations. Contact with the skin results in cause drying, erythema, hyperpigmentation, hyperemia, dermatitis, burning pain, and blisters. (5, 6, 1)

Treatment

Treatment is mainly symptomatic and supportive. Gastric lavage, emesis, and the administration of activated charcoal should be avoided, as vomiting increases the risk of aspiration. (1)

Health Effects

Health Effect	Relationship	Direction	Description	Reference
inflammation	Associated With?	Not Available	Not Available	PMC9893210
asthma	Elevated in Blood In	increase	A bronchial disease that is characterized by chronic inflammation and narrowing of the airways, which is caused by a combination of environmental and genetic factors. The disease has symptom recurring periods of wheezing (a whistling sound while breathing), has symptom chest tightness, has symptom shortness of breath, has symptom mucus production and has symptom coughing. The symptoms appear due to a variety of triggers such as allergens, irritants, respiratory infections, weather changes, exercise, stress, reflux disease, medications, foods and emotional anxiety. (DO)	PMC9893210
schizophrenia	Associated With?	Not Available	A psychotic disorder that is characterized by a disintegration of thought processes and of emotional responsiveness. (DO)	PMC9893210
obstructive sleep apnea	Elevated in Blood In	increase	Not Available	PMC9893210

Exposure Sources

Source ID	Source	Sector	Reference
CEDs000010	Insecticides?Insecticides are synthetic chemicals designed to control or eliminate insect pests that threaten crops and other agricultural products.	Agriculture & land management	PubChem
CEDs000070	Stormwater runoff?Stormwater runoff refers to the flow of rainwater or melted snow that does not soak into the ground and instead collects pollutants as it travels over impervious surfaces such as roads and parking lots.	Automotive & urban infrastructure	PubChem
CEDs000115	Drinking water?Drinking water can be a medium for synthetic chemical contamination, often originating from various industrial processes and agricultural practices.	Drinking water & water supply	Not Available
CEDs000233	Brushes?Brushes used in personal care and cosmetics can be a source of synthetic chemical contamination due to the materials and coatings used in their manufacturing.	Personal care & cosmetics	PubChem
CEDs000490		Personal care & cosmetics	Not Available
CEDs000494	Food contact materials?Food contact materials refer to substances and products that are intended to come into contact with food during processing, packaging, or preparation.	Food, food processing & cookware	Not Available
CEDs000495	Ceilings?Ceilings in built environments can be a source of synthetic chemical contamination due to the materials used in their construction and finishes.	Building & Construction	PubChem
CEDs000496	Fencing?Fencing materials, particularly those used in construction and landscaping, can be a source of synthetic chemical contamination due to the treatments and coatings applied for durability and weather resistance.	Building & Construction	PubChem
CEDs000497	Floors?Floors in built environments can be a significant source of synthetic chemical contamination due to the materials and finishes used in their construction.	Building & Construction	PubChem
CEDs000499	Roofs?Roofs can be a significant source of synthetic chemical contamination due to the materials used in their construction and maintenance.	Building & Construction	PubChem
CEDs000500	Stairs And Ramps?Stairs and ramps in construction are often treated with various synthetic chemicals to enhance durability, slip resistance, and weather resistance.	Building & Construction	PubChem
CEDs000501	Sunshades Awnings Or Outside Screens?Sunshades, awnings, and outside screens are often constructed using synthetic materials such as polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyester, or acrylic fabrics.	Building & Construction	PubChem
CEDs000502	Sunshades Awnings Or Outside Screens?Sunshades, awnings, and outside screens are commonly used in construction to enhance energy efficiency and provide shade.	Building & Construction	PubChem
CEDs000503	Tents Or Canopies?Tents and canopies used in various applications can be a source of synthetic chemical contamination primarily due to the materials from which they are made.	Building & Construction	PubChem
CEDs000505	Amplifiers?Amplifiers, commonly used in various electronic devices to enhance signal strength, can be a source of synthetic chemical contamination due to the materials and processes involved in their production and disposal.	Electrical & Electronic Equipment	PubChem
CEDs000506	Antennas?Antennas, commonly used in communication technologies, can be a source of synthetic chemical contamination through the materials and coatings used in their construction.	Electrical & Electronic Equipment	PubChem
CEDs000507	Auxiliary Devices?Auxiliary devices, such as capacitors, transformers, and circuit breakers, are integral components in various electronic systems.	Electrical & Electronic Equipment	PubChem
CEDs000508	Coils?Coils are components used in various electrical and electronic applications, such as transformers, inductors, and motors.	Electrical & Electronic Equipment	PubChem
CEDs000510	Communication Cables Or Conductors?Communication cables or conductors are essential components in the transmission of data and signals in various applications, including telecommunications and networking.	Electrical & Electronic Equipment	PubChem
CEDs000511	Conductors Or Conductive Bodies Characterised By The Conductive Materials?Conductors, or conductive bodies, are materials that allow the flow of electrical current, typically made from metals such as copper, aluminum, or silver.	Electrical & Electronic Equipment	PubChem
CEDs000513	Cores Yokes Or Armatures?Cores, yokes, or armatures are components commonly found in electrical devices, used to facilitate the magnetic and electrical functions within motors, transformers, and generators.	Electrical & Electronic Equipment	PubChem
CEDs000514	Discharge Lamps?Discharge lamps, including fluorescent and high-intensity discharge (HID) lamps, are commonly used for lighting applications due to their energy efficiency and brightness.	Electrical & Electronic Equipment	PubChem
CEDs000515	Discharge Tubes With Liquid Pool Cathodes?Discharge tubes with liquid pool cathodes are devices that utilize a liquid metal as the cathode in gas discharge applications.	Electrical & Electronic Equipment	PubChem
CEDs000517	Electric Switches?Electric switches, integral components in numerous devices, can be a source of synthetic chemical contamination due to the materials and manufacturing processes involved in their production.	Electrical & Electronic Equipment	PubChem
CEDs000518	Electrically Stimulated Smoking Devices?Electrically stimulated smoking devices, commonly known as e-cigarettes or vape pens, utilize electrical components to heat a liquid solution, often containing nicotine, flavorings, and other additives, to produce an aerosol for inhalation.	Electrical & Electronic Equipment	PubChem
CEDs000519	Electrodes?Electrodes, used in various electrical and electronic applications, can be a source of synthetic chemical contamination due to the materials from which they are constructed and the processes involved in their manufacturing.	Electrical & Electronic Equipment	PubChem
CEDs000520	Emergency Protective Devices?Emergency protective devices, such as circuit breakers and surge protectors, are essential components in electrical systems designed to prevent damage from overcurrent and surges.	Electrical & Electronic Equipment	PubChem
CEDs000521	Fixed Capacitors And Their Manufacture?Fixed capacitors are passive electronic components used to store and release electrical energy, playing a critical role in various circuits.	Electrical & Electronic Equipment	PubChem
CEDs000523	Gas Filled Discharge Tubes With Solid Cathode?Gas Filled Discharge Tubes with Solid Cathodes are electrical components that facilitate the flow of current by ionizing gas within a sealed tube.	Electrical & Electronic Equipment	PubChem
CEDs000524	Hybrid Capacitors?Hybrid capacitors are energy storage devices that combine the properties of electrolytic and supercapacitors, utilizing a combination of electrochemical principles to achieve higher energy density and power density.	Electrical & Electronic Equipment	PubChem
CEDs000525	Line Transmission Systems?Line Transmission Systems, commonly used for the distribution of electrical energy, can be a source of synthetic chemical contamination through the insulation materials and coatings utilized in their construction.	Electrical & Electronic Equipment	PubChem
CEDs000526	Loudspeakers?Loudspeakers, as components in audio systems, can be sources of synthetic chemical contamination primarily due to the materials used in their construction.	Electrical & Electronic Equipment	PubChem
CEDs000527	Magnets?Magnets, commonly used in various electrical and electronic applications, can be a source of synthetic chemical contamination due to the materials used in their production.	Electrical & Electronic Equipment	PubChem
CEDs000529	Power Cables?Power cables are used to transmit electrical energy and are typically composed of conductive materials, insulation, and protective coatings.	Electrical & Electronic Equipment	PubChem
CEDs000530	Radio Transmission Systems?Radio transmission systems utilize a variety of synthetic chemicals in their manufacturing and maintenance processes.	Electrical & Electronic Equipment	PubChem
CEDs000531	Relays?Relays are electromechanical switches used to control circuits and manage electrical loads.	Electrical & Electronic Equipment	PubChem
CEDs000532	Selectors?Selectors are components used in various electronic devices to control the flow of electrical signals.	Electrical & Electronic Equipment	PubChem
CEDs000533	Sparking Plugs?Spark plugs are critical components in internal combustion engines, facilitating the ignition of fuel-air mixtures by generating a spark.	Electrical & Electronic Equipment	PubChem
CEDs000536	Superconductive Or Hyperconductive Conductors Cables Or Transmission Lines?Superconductive or hyperconductive conductors, including cables and transmission lines, are materials that exhibit zero electrical resistance under specific conditions, typically at low temperatures.	Electrical & Electronic Equipment	PubChem
CEDs000537	Television Systems?Television systems can be a source of synthetic chemical contamination due to the various materials and components used in their manufacture and operation.	Electrical & Electronic Equipment	PubChem
CEDs000538	Thin Magnetic Films?Thin magnetic films are layers of magnetic material ranging from a few nanometers to several micrometers in thickness, commonly used in applications such as magnetic sensors, data storage devices, and electronic components.	Electrical & Electronic Equipment	PubChem
CEDs000539	Video Games?Video games, through their production and disposal processes, can be a source of synthetic chemical contamination.	Electrical & Electronic Equipment	PubChem
CEDs000544	Fermentation Processes For Beer?Fermentation processes for beer involve the conversion of sugars into alcohol and carbon dioxide by yeast.	Food, food processing & cookware	PubChem
CEDs000545	Food Preservation?Food preservation often involves the use of synthetic chemicals, such as preservatives, flavor enhancers, and color additives, to extend shelf life and enhance the sensory qualities of food products.	Food, food processing & cookware	PubChem
CEDs000548	Preparation Of Vinegar?Vinegar is produced through the fermentation of ethanol by acetic acid bacteria, resulting in a solution that typically contains 4-8% acetic acid.	Food, food processing & cookware	PubChem
CEDs000549	Preparation Of Wine Or Sparkling Wine?The preparation of wine or sparkling wine involves various stages, including fermentation, aging, and bottling, which can introduce potential sources of synthetic chemical contamination.	Food, food processing & cookware	PubChem
CEDs000550	Preparation Of Wort?The preparation of wort involves the extraction of sugars from malted grains, a crucial step in the brewing process.	Food, food processing & cookware	PubChem
CEDs000551	Processing Fish?Processing fish can lead to synthetic chemical contamination through various stages of production and preservation.	Food, food processing & cookware	PubChem
CEDs000552	Processing Meats?Processing meats can lead to synthetic chemical contamination primarily through the use of additives and preservatives.	Food, food processing & cookware	PubChem
CEDs000553	Treatment Of Hops?Hops, a key ingredient in brewing and food flavoring, can be a source of synthetic chemical contamination due to various agricultural practices.	Food, food processing & cookware	PubChem
CEDs000554	Ash Trays?Ash trays, commonly used for the disposal of cigarette butts and ash, can be a source of synthetic chemical contamination due to the presence of various toxic compounds in tobacco smoke.	Household cleaning & consumer products	PubChem
CEDs000555	Bleaching Agents?Bleaching agents are chemical substances used to whiten or lighten materials, often employed in various cleaning products for their stain removal and disinfecting properties.	Household cleaning & consumer products	PubChem
CEDs000556	Cigar Cigarettes?Cigar cigarettes are a source of synthetic chemical contamination due to the combustion of various tobacco blends and additives.	Household cleaning & consumer products	PubChem
CEDs000559	Non Electric Simulated Smoking Devices?Non-electric simulated smoking devices, often designed to mimic the experience of smoking without combustion, can be sources of synthetic chemical contamination due to the materials and chemicals used in their construction and operation.	Household cleaning & consumer products	PubChem
CEDs000560	Other Smoking Requisites?Other smoking requisites, including items such as lighters, matches, and rolling papers, can introduce synthetic chemical contamination through various components and additives.	Household cleaning & consumer products	PubChem
CEDs000561	Perfumes Within Detergents And Soaps?Perfumes within detergents and soaps are synthetic fragrance compounds added to enhance the sensory experience of cleaning products.	Household cleaning & consumer products	PubChem
CEDs000562	Pipe Accessories?Pipe accessories, such as fittings, connectors, and seals, are components used in plumbing systems to facilitate the flow of liquids and gases.	Household cleaning & consumer products	PubChem
CEDs000563	Soap Detergents?Soap detergents are synthetic surfactants designed to enhance the cleaning efficacy of water by reducing surface tension, allowing for better interaction with dirt and grease.	Household cleaning & consumer products	PubChem
CEDs000564	Soap Dispensers?Soap dispensers, commonly used for dispensing liquid soaps and sanitizers, can become a source of synthetic chemical contamination due to the materials used in their construction and the products they dispense.	Household cleaning & consumer products	PubChem
CEDs000566	Tobacco Pipes?Tobacco pipes, often made from materials such as plastic, wood, or metal, can serve as sources of synthetic chemical contamination due to the residues left by tobacco products.	Household cleaning & consumer products	PubChem
CEDs000569	Tobacco Smoke Filters?Tobacco smoke filters are designed to reduce the inhalation of harmful substances in cigarette smoke, including tar and other particulate matter.	Household cleaning & consumer products	PubChem
CEDs000578	Making Cigars?The process of making cigars involves several steps, including the cultivation of tobacco, fermentation, and the application of various additives to enhance flavor and preservation.	Industrial manufacturing & chemical processing	PubChem
CEDs000579	Manufacture Of Iron Or Steel?The manufacture of iron or steel involves various processes, including smelting, refining, and alloying, which can result in the release of synthetic chemicals and contaminants.	Industrial manufacturing & chemical processing	PubChem
CEDs000580	Manufacture Preparation Of Tobacco Products?The manufacture and preparation of tobacco products involve various processes that can result in the introduction of synthetic chemicals into the environment.	Industrial manufacturing & chemical processing	PubChem
CEDs000581	Paper Making Machines?Paper making machines utilize various synthetic chemicals throughout the production process, including additives, coatings, and bleaching agents.	Industrial manufacturing & chemical processing	PubChem
CEDs000583	Anchoring Equipment?Anchoring equipment, commonly used in marine applications, can be a source of synthetic chemical contamination due to the materials and coatings utilized in their manufacturing.	Marine, shipping & aquaculture	PubChem
CEDs000584	Buoys?Buoys, often used for navigation and marine monitoring, can be sources of synthetic chemical contamination due to the materials and coatings employed in their construction.	Marine, shipping & aquaculture	PubChem
CEDs000588	Inflatable Life Saving Equipment?Inflatable Life Saving Equipment (ILSE) is commonly made from synthetic materials such as polyvinyl chloride (PVC), thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU), or nylon coated with polymer films.	Marine, shipping & aquaculture	PubChem
CEDs000589	Life Buoys?Life buoys, commonly used in marine environments for safety and rescue operations, can be a source of synthetic chemical contamination due to the materials used in their production.	Marine, shipping & aquaculture	PubChem
CEDs000591	Lifeboats?Lifeboats, used for emergency evacuation at sea, can be a source of synthetic chemical contamination due to the materials and substances used in their construction and maintenance.	Marine, shipping & aquaculture	PubChem
CEDs000592	Marine Propulsion Or Steering?Marine propulsion and steering systems often rely on various synthetic chemicals, including lubricants, fuels, and hydraulic fluids.	Marine, shipping & aquaculture	PubChem
CEDs000595	Ships?Ships, as vehicles for international trade and transportation, can be significant sources of synthetic chemical contamination in marine environments.	Marine, shipping & aquaculture	PubChem
CEDs000596	Acaricides?Acaricides are synthetic chemicals specifically designed to target and control mite populations that can damage crops and plants.	Agriculture & land management	PubChem
CEDs000597	Chemosterilants?Chemosterilants are synthetic chemicals designed to induce sterility in target pest populations, thereby controlling their reproduction and mitigating damage to crops.	Agriculture & land management	PubChem
CEDs000600	Herbicides And Algicides?Herbicides and algicides are synthetic chemicals primarily used to control unwanted plants and algae in various environments.	Agriculture & land management	PubChem
CEDs000601	Lawn Mowers?Lawn mowers, particularly those powered by gasoline, can be a source of synthetic chemical contamination due to the combustion of fossil fuels and the use of engine oils.	Agriculture & land management	PubChem
CEDs000602	Molluscicides?Molluscicides are synthetic chemicals specifically designed to control and eliminate mollusks, such as snails and slugs, which can be detrimental to crops and agricultural productivity.	Agriculture & land management	PubChem
CEDs000603	Nematocides?Nematocides are synthetic chemicals specifically designed to control nematodes, which are microscopic roundworms that can cause significant damage to crops and plants.	Agriculture & land management	PubChem
CEDs000604	Pest Attractants?Pest attractants are synthetic chemicals designed to lure specific pests for monitoring or control purposes.	Agriculture & land management	PubChem
CEDs000605	Pest Repellants?Pest repellents, often formulated from synthetic chemicals, are widely used to protect crops from insect infestations and other pests.	Agriculture & land management	PubChem
CEDs000606	Plant Growth Regulators?Plant Growth Regulators (PGRs) are synthetic chemicals designed to influence the growth and development of plants.	Agriculture & land management	PubChem
CEDs000607	Rodenticides(1)?Rodenticides are synthetic chemicals specifically formulated to control rodent populations, serving as a crucial tool in managing pests that can damage crops and spread diseases.	Agriculture & land management	PubChem
CEDs000608	Rodenticides?Rodenticides are chemical substances specifically designed to control rodent populations by causing death through various mechanisms, including anticoagulation or neurotoxicity.	Agriculture & land management	PubChem
CEDs000609	Aftershave?Aftershave is a grooming product typically used to soothe and protect the skin following shaving.	Personal care & cosmetics	PubChem
CEDs000610	Aftersun Products?Aftersun products are designed to soothe and hydrate the skin after sun exposure, often containing various synthetic chemicals such as emollients, preservatives, and fragrances.	Personal care & cosmetics	PubChem
CEDs000611	Anti Perspirants Or Body Deoderants?Antiperspirants and body deodorants commonly contain synthetic chemicals such as aluminum compounds, parabens, and synthetic fragrances.	Personal care & cosmetics	PubChem
CEDs000613	Depilatories?Depilatories are products designed to remove unwanted hair through the application of synthetic chemicals that break down the protein structure of hair, facilitating its removal.	Personal care & cosmetics	PubChem
CEDs000614	Essential Oils Or Perfumes?Essential oils and perfumes are complex mixtures of volatile compounds derived from natural or synthetic sources, commonly used for their aromatic properties.	Personal care & cosmetics	PubChem
CEDs000615	Eye Makeup Products?Eye makeup products, including mascaras, eyeliners, and eyeshadows, often contain a variety of synthetic chemicals such as pigments, preservatives, and film-forming agents.	Personal care & cosmetics	PubChem
CEDs000616	Face Mask Cosmetics?Face mask cosmetics often contain a variety of synthetic chemicals, including preservatives, emulsifiers, and fragrances, which can contribute to chemical contamination.	Personal care & cosmetics	PubChem
CEDs000617	Lip Care Products?Lip care products, including lipsticks, balms, and glosses, often contain a variety of synthetic chemicals such as parabens, phthalates, and synthetic fragrances.	Personal care & cosmetics	PubChem
CEDs000618	Lip Makeup Products?Lip makeup products, such as lipsticks, lip glosses, and lip liners, often contain a variety of synthetic chemicals, including pigments, preservatives, and emollients.	Personal care & cosmetics	PubChem
CEDs000619	Manicure Pedicure?Manicure and pedicure procedures often involve the use of various synthetic chemicals, including solvents, nail polishes, and nail adhesives.	Personal care & cosmetics	PubChem
CEDs000620	Card Games?Card games often utilize synthetic materials for playing cards and associated gaming equipment, which may contain various chemicals such as polyvinyl chloride (PVC), plastics, and dyes.	Recreation & sports surfaces	PubChem
CEDs000630	Toys?Toys, particularly those made from synthetic materials such as plastics, can be a source of chemical contamination due to the presence of various additives and compounds used in their production.	Recreation & sports surfaces	PubChem
CEDs000631	Anthraquinone Dyes?Anthraquinone dyes are a class of synthetic organic compounds characterized by their vibrant colors and stability, making them widely used in various applications, particularly in coloring textiles and leather.	Textiles, leather & furnishings	PubChem
CEDs000632	Apparel?Apparel production often involves the use of various synthetic chemicals, including dyes, finishing agents, and preservatives.	Textiles, leather & furnishings	PubChem
CEDs000633	Azo Dyes?Azo dyes are synthetic organic compounds characterized by the presence of one or more azo groups (-N=N-), which are widely used for coloring textiles, leather, and furnishings.	Textiles, leather & furnishings	PubChem
CEDs000634	Buckles?Buckles, commonly used as fasteners in clothing, accessories, and furniture, can be a source of synthetic chemical contamination due to the materials and coatings employed in their production.	Textiles, leather & furnishings	PubChem
CEDs000638	Decorating Textiles?Decorating textiles often involves the use of synthetic chemicals such as dyes, finishes, and coatings.	Textiles, leather & furnishings	PubChem
CEDs000640	Embroidering And Tufting?Embroidering and tufting processes often involve the use of synthetic chemicals such as dyes, adhesives, and finishing agents.	Textiles, leather & furnishings	PubChem
CEDs000642	Footwear?Footwear production often involves the use of various synthetic chemicals, such as adhesives, dyes, and treatments, which can contribute to environmental contamination.	Textiles, leather & furnishings	PubChem
CEDs000643	Headwear?Headwear made from synthetic materials often incorporates chemicals used in the manufacturing and finishing processes, such as dyes, flame retardants, and water repellents.	Textiles, leather & furnishings	PubChem
CEDs000647	Multicolour Dyeing?Multicolour dyeing involves the application of multiple synthetic dyes to textiles and other materials to achieve vibrant, diverse color patterns.	Textiles, leather & furnishings	PubChem
CEDs000650	Purses Luggage Hand Bags?Purses, luggage, and handbags are often manufactured using synthetic materials such as polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyurethane, and various types of nylon.	Textiles, leather & furnishings	PubChem
CEDs000652	Ropes?Ropes manufactured from synthetic fibers, such as polypropylene, nylon, and polyester, are widely used in various applications, including marine, construction, and outdoor activities.	Textiles, leather & furnishings	PubChem
CEDs000653	Sewing?Sewing processes often involve the use of various synthetic chemicals, which can become sources of contamination in the environment.	Textiles, leather & furnishings	PubChem
CEDs000655	Slide Fasteners?Slide fasteners, commonly known as zippers, are mechanical devices used to join two edges of fabric or other materials.	Textiles, leather & furnishings	PubChem
CEDs000657	Surface Finishing Of Leather?Surface finishing of leather often involves the use of various synthetic chemicals, including dyes, resins, and finishing agents.	Textiles, leather & furnishings	PubChem
CEDs000658	Touch Fasteners?Touch fasteners, commonly known as hook-and-loop fasteners, are composed of synthetic materials such as nylon or polyester.	Textiles, leather & furnishings	PubChem
CEDs000659	Transfer Printing?Transfer printing is a process used to apply designs and patterns onto various substrates, commonly utilizing synthetic dyes and inks that can contain hazardous chemicals.	Textiles, leather & furnishings	PubChem
CEDs000661	Umbrellas?Umbrellas are commonly manufactured using synthetic materials such as polyester, nylon, and polyvinyl chloride (PVC), which can contribute to synthetic chemical contamination.	Textiles, leather & furnishings	PubChem
CEDs000662	Yarns Or Threads?Yarns or threads used in textiles can be a source of synthetic chemical contamination due to the production processes and treatments they undergo.	Textiles, leather & furnishings	PubChem
CEDs000664	Fire Fighting Gels?Fire fighting gels are synthetic chemical formulations designed to enhance fire suppression effectiveness by creating a protective barrier against heat and flames.	Fire suppression systems & agents	PubChem
CEDs000665	Fire Extinguishers?Fire extinguishers contain various synthetic chemicals designed to suppress flames and prevent the spread of fire.	Fire suppression systems & agents	PubChem
CEDs000666	Flame Traps?Flame traps are devices designed to prevent the propagation of flames and explosions by allowing gases to escape while blocking flames.	Fire suppression systems & agents	PubChem
CEDs000667	Gaseous Fire Fighting?Gaseous fire fighting systems utilize synthetic chemicals, such as halocarbons and inert gases, to suppress fires through chemical and physical processes.	Fire suppression systems & agents	PubChem
CEDs000669	PFAS Fire Fighting Foam?PFAS fire fighting foam refers to a class of synthetic foams containing per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), which are designed to suppress flammable liquid fires.	Fire suppression systems & agents	PubChem
CEDs000670	Solid Fire Fighting Substances?Solid fire fighting substances, such as certain types of dry chemical powders, are used in fire suppression applications to extinguish flames and prevent fire spread.	Fire suppression systems & agents	PubChem
CEDs000671	Airplanes And Helicopters?Airplanes and helicopters are significant sources of synthetic chemical contamination primarily through the use of aviation fuels, lubricants, and de-icing agents.	Aviation & Aerospace	PubChem
CEDs000672	Light Than Air Aircraft?Light than air aircraft, such as dirigibles and airships, utilize lifting gases like helium or hydrogen for buoyancy.	Aviation & Aerospace	PubChem
CEDs000673	Unmanned Aerial Vehicles?Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), commonly known as drones, utilize various synthetic chemicals in their manufacturing, operation, and maintenance processes.	Aviation & Aerospace	PubChem
CEDs000678	Nitrogenous Fertilisers?Nitrogenous fertilizers are synthetic chemical compounds primarily used to enhance plant growth by supplying essential nitrogen, a crucial nutrient for photosynthesis and protein synthesis.	Agriculture & land management	PubChem
CEDs000679	Phosphatic Fertilisers?Phosphatic fertilizers are synthetic chemical products primarily composed of phosphorus, which is essential for plant growth.	Agriculture & land management	PubChem
CEDs000684	Cements?Cements are a composite material primarily used as a binding agent in construction applications, formed by the calcination of limestone and clay minerals at high temperatures.	Building & Construction	PubChem
CEDs000685	Ceramics?Ceramics can be a source of synthetic chemical contamination through various additives and processing agents used in their production.	Building & Construction	PubChem
CEDs000686	Clay Wares?Clay wares are ceramic products made from natural clay, often utilized in various construction applications such as tiles, bricks, and sanitary ware.	Building & Construction	PubChem
CEDs000688	Glass Coatings?Glass coatings are synthetic chemical formulations applied to glass surfaces to enhance properties such as durability, UV resistance, and aesthetic appeal.	Building & Construction	PubChem
CEDs000690	Lime?Lime, primarily comprised of calcium oxide (CaO) or calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)₂), is widely used in various applications, including as a key ingredient in mortars, plasters, and cement.	Building & Construction	PubChem
CEDs000691	Non Oxide Glass?Non-oxide glass refers to a category of glasses primarily composed of materials other than silicon dioxide, such as boron oxide or phosphorous oxide.	Building & Construction	PubChem
CEDs000692	Silica Free Oxide Glass?Silica Free Oxide Glass is a type of glass that is produced using alternative materials to traditional silica-based formulations.	Building & Construction	PubChem
CEDs000693	Silica Glass?Silica glass, primarily composed of silicon dioxide (SiO2), is widely used in various applications, including windows, glass facades, and insulation materials.	Building & Construction	PubChem
CEDs000696	Nanotechnology?Nanotechnology involves the manipulation of materials at the molecular or atomic level, typically within the range of 1 to 100 nanometers.	Industrial manufacturing & chemical processing	PubChem
CEDs000697	Submarines?Submarines, while essential for military and research purposes, can be a source of synthetic chemical contamination due to their use of various industrial chemicals.	Marine, shipping & aquaculture	PubChem
CEDs000698	Jewellery?Jewellery production often involves the use of various synthetic chemicals during the extraction and processing of metals.	Mining & metal processing	PubChem
CEDs000699	Mining Or Quarrying?Mining and quarrying operations can lead to synthetic chemical contamination through the release of various pollutants associated with the extraction and processing of minerals.	Mining & metal processing	PubChem
CEDs000703	Blackboards?Blackboards, traditionally made from slate or coated wood, can also be produced using synthetic materials that may contain various chemicals.	Paper, pulp & fiber products	PubChem
CEDs000705	Bookbinding?Bookbinding involves the use of various synthetic chemicals, including adhesives, inks, and coatings, which can contribute to environmental contamination.	Paper, pulp & fiber products	PubChem
CEDs000712	Combination Pens?Combination pens, which typically contain both ink and additional functionalities such as highlighters or stylus tips, may contribute to synthetic chemical contamination primarily through their ink formulations and plastic components.	Paper, pulp & fiber products	PubChem
CEDs000714	Embossing Machines?Embossing machines are industrial devices used to create raised patterns or designs on materials, including paper and fiber products.	Paper, pulp & fiber products	PubChem
CEDs000716	Erasers?Erasers, commonly used in writing and drawing applications, are often made from synthetic rubber or thermoplastic materials, which can contain various additives such as plasticizers, fillers, and colorants.	Paper, pulp & fiber products	PubChem
CEDs000717	Fountain Pens?Fountain pens utilize a liquid ink that often contains synthetic chemicals, including dyes, pigments, and solvents, which can contribute to environmental contamination.	Paper, pulp & fiber products	PubChem
CEDs000720	Ink Reservoir Pens2?Ink reservoir pens are writing instruments that utilize a reservoir to store ink, which is often composed of synthetic dyes, solvents, and additives.	Paper, pulp & fiber products	PubChem
CEDs000726	Pens?Pens, commonly utilized for writing and marking, can be a source of synthetic chemical contamination primarily due to the materials used in their manufacturing.	Paper, pulp & fiber products	PubChem
CEDs000727	Printing Machines Or Presses?Printing machines or presses commonly utilize synthetic chemicals such as inks, solvents, and cleaning agents.	Paper, pulp & fiber products	PubChem
CEDs000729	Stamps?Stamps, particularly those produced using synthetic inks and adhesives, can contribute to chemical contamination when disposed of improperly.	Paper, pulp & fiber products	PubChem
CEDs000734	Coating Compositions?Coating compositions, which include paints, sealants, and varnishes, are formulated with a variety of synthetic chemicals such as solvents, resins, pigments, and additives.	Building & Construction	PubChem
CEDs000735	Explosives?Explosives are chemical compounds or mixtures designed to undergo rapid decomposition, releasing energy in the form of gas and heat.	Defense & military infrastructure	PubChem
CEDs000737	Chemical Igniters?Chemical igniters are substances or devices designed to initiate combustion in various applications, often found in products like lighters, candles, and certain household cleaning agents.	Household items	PubChem
CEDs000738	Cooling Circuit Water?Cooling circuit water is utilized in various industrial processes to absorb and dissipate heat generated during operations.	Industrial manufacturing & chemical processing	PubChem
CEDs000739	Inks?Inks are complex mixtures composed of pigments or dyes, solvents, resins, and additives used primarily for printing and writing applications.	Paper, pulp & fiber products	PubChem
CEDs000740	Paper?Paper production involves the processing of wood fibers and the use of various chemicals, which can lead to synthetic chemical contamination.	Paper, pulp & fiber products	PubChem
CEDs000741	Pigment Pastes?Pigment pastes are concentrated dispersions of pigments used to impart color and properties to materials.	Paper, pulp & fiber products	PubChem
CEDs000742	Leather Tanning?Leather tanning is a process that transforms raw animal hides into durable leather through the application of various chemicals, including chromium salts, aldehydes, and vegetable tannins.	Textiles, leather & furnishings	PubChem
CEDs000743	Sludge Treatment?Sludge treatment involves the processing of waste materials generated from wastewater treatment plants, which often contain a variety of organic and inorganic substances.	Wastewater, sanitation & biosolids	PubChem
CEDs000744	Water, Wastewater, & Sewage Treatment?Water, wastewater, and sewage treatment processes are critical for managing and mitigating pollutants in water systems.	Wastewater, sanitation & biosolids	PubChem
CEDs00917	Barley Grain	Agriculture & land management	PMC3231355
CEDs02255	Water	Aquatic systems & sediments	PMC3979968 , PMC11197103
CEDs02952	Gasoline	Energy, oil & gas	PMC6722544
CEDs02957	Natural Gas	Energy, oil & gas	PMC3995715
CEDs03003	Gasoline Vapor	Energy, oil & gas	PMC3995715
CEDs03455	Jet Fuel	Aviation & Aerospace	PMC6722544

Pathways

0 pathwaysPathway Source: PathBank

No pathways found

No metabolic pathways have been associated with this synthetic chemical

Targets

Structure	Protein	UniProt ID	Organism	Relationship	Details
Click to view 3D structure	Phospholipase B	Q9P8P2	Cryptococcus neoformans	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.4 Applicability Domain 0.4 Statistical Significance 2.00e-05 Supporting Reference Compounds 1 E-value 0.155698
Click to view 3D structure	All-trans-retinol dehydrogenase [NAD(+)] ADH7	P40394	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.316 Applicability Domain 0.316 Statistical Significance 2.80e-04 Supporting Reference Compounds 1 E-value 2.17978
Click to view 3D structure	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha	Q07869	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.305 Applicability Domain 0.333 Statistical Significance 0.0122 Supporting Reference Compounds 127 E-value 94.9761
Click to view 3D structure	Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 1	P18031	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.3 Applicability Domain 0.333 Statistical Significance 0.0103 Supporting Reference Compounds 197 E-value 80.1847
Click to view 3D structure	Sodium- and chloride-dependent creatine transporter 1	P28570	Rattus norvegicus	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.286 Applicability Domain 0.286 Low confidence Statistical Significance 1.10e-04 Supporting Reference Compounds 1 E-value 0.856341
Click to view 3D structure	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta	Q03181	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.286 Applicability Domain 0.333 Statistical Significance 0.0139 Supporting Reference Compounds 89 E-value 108.133
Click to view 3D structure	G-protein coupled receptor 84	Q9NQS5	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.283 Applicability Domain 0.333 Statistical Significance 0.0013 Supporting Reference Compounds 15 E-value 10.1982
Click to view 3D structure	Solute carrier family 22 member 2	Q9R0W2	Rattus norvegicus	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.283 Applicability Domain 0.462 Statistical Significance 2.90e-04 Supporting Reference Compounds 14 E-value 2.25763
Click to view 3D structure	Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 2	Q9WUD2	Rattus norvegicus	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.281 Applicability Domain 0.333 Statistical Significance 0.003 Supporting Reference Compounds 21 E-value 23.5105
Click to view 3D structure	Fatty-acid amide hydrolase 1	O00519	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.267 Applicability Domain 0.316 Statistical Significance 0.0415 Supporting Reference Compounds 106 E-value 323.386
Click to view 3D structure	Cannabinoid receptor 1	P20272	Rattus norvegicus	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.262 Applicability Domain 0.316 Statistical Significance 0.0147 Supporting Reference Compounds 83 E-value 114.127
Click to view 3D structure	Carbonic anhydrase 1	P00915	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.261 Applicability Domain 0.333 Statistical Significance 0.1014 Supporting Reference Compounds 407 E-value 789.158
Click to view 3D structure	Farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase	Q0GKD7	Leishmania donovani	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.261 Applicability Domain 0.261 Low confidence Statistical Significance 9.40e-04 Supporting Reference Compounds 14 E-value 7.31783
Click to view 3D structure	Farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase	P14324	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.261 Applicability Domain 0.261 Low confidence Statistical Significance 0.0012 Supporting Reference Compounds 22 E-value 9.26406
Click to view 3D structure	CAI-1 autoinducer sensor kinase/phosphatase CqsS	Q9KM66	Vibrio cholerae serotype O1 (strain ATCC 39315 / El Tor Inaba N16961)	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.261 Applicability Domain 0.261 Low confidence Statistical Significance 0.0013 Supporting Reference Compounds 1 E-value 10.1204
Click to view 3D structure	Sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase 3	Q64518	Mus musculus	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.261 Applicability Domain 0.261 Low confidence Statistical Significance 0.0036 Supporting Reference Compounds 1 E-value 28.2593
Click to view 3D structure	Geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate synthase	O95749	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.259 Applicability Domain 0.261 Low confidence Statistical Significance 0.001 Supporting Reference Compounds 15 E-value 7.94062
Click to view 3D structure	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	P37231	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.257 Applicability Domain 0.333 Statistical Significance 0.0756 Supporting Reference Compounds 192 E-value 588.929
Click to view 3D structure	Fatty-acid amide hydrolase 1	O08914	Mus musculus	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.254 Applicability Domain 0.316 Statistical Significance 0.0202 Supporting Reference Compounds 46 E-value 157.022
Click to view 3D structure	Fatty-acid amide hydrolase 1	P97612	Rattus norvegicus	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.252 Applicability Domain 0.316 Statistical Significance 0.0468 Supporting Reference Compounds 102 E-value 364.101
Click to view 3D structure	Histone deacetylase 11	Q96DB2	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.251 Applicability Domain 0.333 Statistical Significance 0.0812 Supporting Reference Compounds 149 E-value 631.902
Click to view 3D structure	Cocaine esterase	O00748	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.25 Applicability Domain 0.273 Low confidence Statistical Significance 0.0049 Supporting Reference Compounds 40 E-value 37.9904
Click to view 3D structure	Carbonic anhydrase 12	O43570	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.249 Applicability Domain 0.333 Statistical Significance 0.1212 Supporting Reference Compounds 332 E-value 943.766
Click to view 3D structure	Juvenile hormone esterase	Q9GPG0	Manduca sexta	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.247 Applicability Domain 0.273 Low confidence Statistical Significance 0.0011 Supporting Reference Compounds 2 E-value 8.79696
Click to view 3D structure	Liver carboxylesterase 1	P23141	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.246 Applicability Domain 0.273 Low confidence Statistical Significance 0.0146 Supporting Reference Compounds 55 E-value 113.971

Concentrations

Not Available

External Links

DrugBank ID

Not Available

HMDB ID

HMDB0029603

FooDB ID

FDB000768

Phenol Explorer ID

Not Available

KNApSAcK ID

C00053664

BiGG ID

Not Available

BioCyc ID

Not Available

METLIN ID

Not Available

PDB ID

Wikipedia Link

Chemspider ID

ChEBI ID

PubChem Compound ID

Kegg Compound ID

Not Available

YMDB ID

YMDB16246

ECMDB ID

ECMDB23135

References

Synthesis Reference

Franz J. Broecker, Karl G. Baur, Rolf Platz, Joachim Stabenow, “Preparation of 2-methyl-pentane-2,4-diol.” U.S. Patent US4298766, issued March, 1970.

MSDS

Link

General References

Gunther S, McMillan PJ, Wallace LJ, Muller S: Plasmodium falciparum possesses organelle-specific alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase complexes and lipoylation pathways. Biochem Soc Trans. 2005 Nov;33(Pt 5):977-80. [PubMed: 16246025]
Sobotka PA, Brottman MD, Weitz Z, Birnbaum AJ, Skosey JL, Zarling EJ: Elevated breath pentane in heart failure reduced by free radical scavenger. Free Radic Biol Med. 1993 Jun;14(6):643-7. [PubMed: 8325536]
International Agency for Research on Cancer (2014). IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans. - http://monographs.iarc.fr/index.php
Wikipedia. Pentane. Last Updated 12 July 2009. - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pentane
Lewis RJ (1996). Sax's Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials. 9th ed. Volumes 1-3. New York, NY: Van Nostrand Reinhold.
Bingham, E, Cohrssen, B, and Powell, CH (2001). Patty's Toxicology Volumes 1-9. 5th ed. New York, N.Y: John Wiley & Sons.
MICROMEDEX Thomson Health Care (2002). USPDI - Drug Information for the Health Care Professional. 22nd ed. Volume 1. Englewood, CO: MICROMEDEX Thomson Health Care. Content Reviewed and Approved by the U.S. Pharmacopeial Convention, Inc.
Yannai, Shmuel. (2004) Dictionary of food compounds with CD-ROM: Additives, flavors, and ingredients. Boca Raton: Chapman & Hall/CRC.

Pentane (CED0002251)

Structure for CHEM002457: Pentane

No pathways found

Structure