PIPERAZINE (CED0001285)

Record Information
Version1.0
Creation Date2016-05-19 02:22:41 UTC
Update Date2026-05-14 16:43:18 UTC
Accession NumberCHEM007215
Identification
Common NamePIPERAZINE
ClassSmall Molecule
Description
PIPERAZINE (C4H4N2) is an organic compound with an average molecular weight of 80.09 g/mol. PIPERAZINE belongs to the pyrazines, a subclass of diazines within the organic compounds. This organoheterocyclic compound acts as an agonist of the Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-3 (GABRB3). In industrial applications, it is used as a flavouring and nutrient, and it is utilized in the production of polyamide plastics. The compound is found in or released from 37 recorded sources. These include electrical and electronic equipment, such as antennas, auxiliary devices, adjustable resistors, cores yokes or armatures, and conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials. Within the building and construction sector, it is associated with floors, ceilings, ladders, stairs and ramps, and tents or canopies. In household cleaning and consumer products, it is found in soap detergents, bleaching agents, tobacco smoke filters, cigar cigarettes, and perfumes within detergents and soaps. In the realm of healthcare, pharmaceuticals, and veterinary products, it is used in anthelmintics. Additionally, piperazine is linked to drinking water and water supply. In food, food processing, and cookware, it is found in food contact materials, food preservation, the preparation of malt, the preparation of wine or sparkling wine, and fermentation processes for beer. Recorded exposure routes for the compound include touch, oral, and inhalation.
Contaminant TypeNot Available
Chemical Structure
Synonyms
ValueSource
1,4-DiazinChEBI
1,4-DiazineChEBI
p-DiazineChEBI
ParadiazineChEBI
PyrazinChEBI
pyzChEBI
PyrazinesMeSH
1, 4-DiazabenzeneHMDB
1,4-DiazabenzeneHMDB
2-CyanopyrazineHMDB
CyanopyrazineHMDB
PiazineHMDB
Piazine (obsol.)HMDB
Chemical FormulaC4H4N2
Average Molecular Mass80.088 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass80.037 g/mol
CAS Registry Number110-85-0
IUPAC Namepyrazine
Traditional Namepyrazine
SMILESC1=CN=CC=N1
InChI IdentifierInChI=1S/C4H4N2/c1-2-6-4-3-5-1/h1-4H
InChI KeyKYQCOXFCLRTKLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Chemical Taxonomy
Description Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as pyrazines. Pyrazines are compounds containing a pyrazine ring, which is a six-member aromatic heterocycle, that consists of two nitrogen atoms (at positions 1 and 4) and four carbon atoms.
KingdomOrganic compounds
Super ClassOrganoheterocyclic compounds
ClassDiazines
Sub ClassPyrazines
Direct ParentPyrazines
Alternative Parents
Substituents
  • Pyrazine
  • Heteroaromatic compound
  • Azacycle
  • Organic nitrogen compound
  • Organopnictogen compound
  • Hydrocarbon derivative
  • Organonitrogen compound
  • Aromatic heteromonocyclic compound
Molecular FrameworkAromatic heteromonocyclic compounds
External Descriptors
Biological Properties
StatusDetected and Not Quantified
OriginNot Available
Cellular LocationsNot Available
Biofluid LocationsNot Available
Tissue LocationsNot Available
ApplicationsNot Available
Biological RolesNot Available
Chemical RolesNot Available
Organoleptic EffectsNot Available
Physical Properties
StateNot Available
AppearanceNot Available
Experimental Properties
PropertyValue
Melting PointNot Available
Boiling PointNot Available
SolubilityNot Available
Predicted Properties
PropertyValueSource
Water Solubility534 g/LALOGPS
logP-0.29ALOGPS
logP-0.46ChemAxon
logS0.82ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Basic)0.88ChemAxon
Physiological Charge0ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count2ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count0ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area25.78 ŲChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count0ChemAxon
Refractivity21.74 m³·mol⁻¹ChemAxon
Polarizability7.62 ųChemAxon
Number of Rings1ChemAxon
BioavailabilityYesChemAxon
Rule of FiveYesChemAxon
Ghose FilterNoChemAxon
Veber's RuleYesChemAxon
MDDR-like RuleNoChemAxon
Spectra
Spectra
Spectrum TypeDescriptionSplash KeyDeposition DateView
GC-MSGC-MS Spectrumsplash10-0ue9-9000000000-a9ecb71c1f0bcbaaf11bNot AvailableView Spectrum
GC-MSGC-MS Spectrumsplash10-0f89-9000000000-0df782a68a2c1241b0faNot AvailableView Spectrum
GC-MSGC-MS Spectrumsplash10-0ue9-9000000000-a9ecb71c1f0bcbaaf11bNot AvailableView Spectrum
GC-MSGC-MS Spectrumsplash10-0f89-9000000000-0df782a68a2c1241b0faNot AvailableView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrumsplash10-001i-9000000000-0d169680fbd08985c9ddNot AvailableView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS SpectrumNot AvailableNot AvailableView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS SpectrumNot AvailableNot AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-004i-9000000000-4ab2302c1f18fb749914Not AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-001i-9000000000-e12a532426f546e87965Not AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-001i-9000000000-e12a532426f546e87965Not AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-001i-9000000000-e12a532426f546e87965Not AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-001i-9000000000-e12a532426f546e87965Not AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-001i-9000000000-e12a532426f546e87965Not AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-001i-9000000000-94a5f82e15da219f831aNot AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-001i-9000000000-94a5f82e15da219f831aNot AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-001i-9000000000-e12a532426f546e87965Not AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-001i-9000000000-e12a532426f546e87965Not AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-001i-9000000000-a5db0ef57f8fb4432902Not AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-001i-9000000000-a5db0ef57f8fb4432902Not AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-001i-9000000000-67966ad1ea4c70f96224Not AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-001i-9000000000-a5db0ef57f8fb4432902Not AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-001i-9000000000-67966ad1ea4c70f96224Not AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-001i-9000000000-67966ad1ea4c70f96224Not AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-001i-9000000000-67966ad1ea4c70f96224Not AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-001i-9000000000-a5db0ef57f8fb4432902Not AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-001i-9000000000-67966ad1ea4c70f96224Not AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-001i-9000000000-94a5f82e15da219f831aNot AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-001i-9000000000-e12a532426f546e87965Not AvailableView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-001i-9000000000-73d255a36568e9413c78Not AvailableView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-001i-9000000000-c9bce48c51da920d5cd5Not AvailableView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-0zgi-9000000000-fdb72ce6f5a40ea431f8Not AvailableView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-004i-9000000000-7b4264e953d5ba3b2c75Not AvailableView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-004i-9000000000-88728ef69d13e92d73d6Not AvailableView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-004i-9000000000-461c3e6869f2758a24afNot AvailableView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-001i-9000000000-c2393767bfab7b1ecc5bNot AvailableView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-0udi-9000000000-573acc41d9d98f393b2eNot AvailableView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-0udi-9000000000-3e6eef388e9c3f593f37Not AvailableView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-004i-9000000000-90831ac2a79e645518baNot AvailableView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-004i-9000000000-90831ac2a79e645518baNot AvailableView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-004i-9000000000-90831ac2a79e645518baNot AvailableView Spectrum
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, D2O, predicted)Not AvailableNot AvailableView Spectrum
1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, D2O, predicted)Not AvailableNot AvailableView Spectrum
Toxicity Profile
Mechanism of ToxicityNot Available
Carcinogenicity (IARC Classification)Not Available
Minimum Risk LevelNot Available
SymptomsNot Available
TreatmentNot Available
Toxicity Values
Toxicity ValueUnitValue RangeOrganismDose DescriptorRoute of ExposurePredicted or ExperimentalReference
262.0Log mg/kg[150:470]RatLD50oralpredictedNot Available
Health Effects
Health EffectRelationshipDirectionReference
Exposure Sources
Source IDSourceSectorReference
10InsecticidesAgriculture & land managementNot Available
115Drinking waterDrinking water & water supplyNot Available
233BrushesPersonal care & cosmeticsNot Available
386AnthelminticsHealthcare, pharmaceuticals & veterinary productsNot Available
494Food contact materialsFood, food processing & cookwareNot Available
495CeilingsBuilding & ConstructionNot Available
497FloorsBuilding & ConstructionNot Available
498LaddersBuilding & ConstructionNot Available
500Stairs And RampsBuilding & ConstructionNot Available
503Tents Or CanopiesBuilding & ConstructionNot Available
504Adjustable ResistorsElectrical & Electronic EquipmentNot Available
506AntennasElectrical & Electronic EquipmentNot Available
507Auxiliary DevicesElectrical & Electronic EquipmentNot Available
511Conductors Or Conductive Bodies Characterised By The Conductive MaterialsElectrical & Electronic EquipmentNot Available
513Cores Yokes Or ArmaturesElectrical & Electronic EquipmentNot Available
517Electric SwitchesElectrical & Electronic EquipmentNot Available
518Electrically Stimulated Smoking DevicesElectrical & Electronic EquipmentNot Available
519ElectrodesElectrical & Electronic EquipmentNot Available
520Emergency Protective DevicesElectrical & Electronic EquipmentNot Available
521Fixed Capacitors And Their ManufactureElectrical & Electronic EquipmentNot Available
524Hybrid CapacitorsElectrical & Electronic EquipmentNot Available
527MagnetsElectrical & Electronic EquipmentNot Available
529Power CablesElectrical & Electronic EquipmentNot Available
530Radio Transmission SystemsElectrical & Electronic EquipmentNot Available
531RelaysElectrical & Electronic EquipmentNot Available
533Sparking PlugsElectrical & Electronic EquipmentNot Available
537Television SystemsElectrical & Electronic EquipmentNot Available
538Thin Magnetic FilmsElectrical & Electronic EquipmentNot Available
539Video GamesElectrical & Electronic EquipmentNot Available
544Fermentation Processes For BeerFood, food processing & cookwareNot Available
545Food PreservationFood, food processing & cookwareNot Available
547Preparation Of MaltFood, food processing & cookwareNot Available
549Preparation Of Wine Or Sparkling WineFood, food processing & cookwareNot Available
552Processing MeatsFood, food processing & cookwareNot Available
555Bleaching AgentsHousehold cleaning & consumer productsNot Available
556Cigar CigarettesHousehold cleaning & consumer productsNot Available
561Perfumes Within Detergents And SoapsHousehold cleaning & consumer productsNot Available
563Soap DetergentsHousehold cleaning & consumer productsNot Available
569Tobacco Smoke FiltersHousehold cleaning & consumer productsNot Available
579Manufacture Of Iron Or SteelIndustrial manufacturing & chemical processingNot Available
580Manufacture Preparation Of Tobacco ProductsIndustrial manufacturing & chemical processingNot Available
581Paper Making MachinesIndustrial manufacturing & chemical processingNot Available
583Anchoring EquipmentMarine, shipping & aquacultureNot Available
589Life BuoysMarine, shipping & aquacultureNot Available
592Marine Propulsion Or SteeringMarine, shipping & aquacultureNot Available
596AcaricidesAgriculture & land managementNot Available
598Fertiliser DistributorsAgriculture & land managementNot Available
600Herbicides And AlgicidesAgriculture & land managementNot Available
602MolluscicidesAgriculture & land managementNot Available
603NematocidesAgriculture & land managementNot Available
604Pest AttractantsAgriculture & land managementNot Available
605Pest RepellantsAgriculture & land managementNot Available
606Plant Growth RegulatorsAgriculture & land managementNot Available
607Rodenticides(1)Agriculture & land managementNot Available
608RodenticidesAgriculture & land managementNot Available
609AftershavePersonal care & cosmeticsNot Available
610Aftersun ProductsPersonal care & cosmeticsNot Available
611Anti Perspirants Or Body DeoderantsPersonal care & cosmeticsNot Available
613DepilatoriesPersonal care & cosmeticsNot Available
614Essential Oils Or PerfumesPersonal care & cosmeticsNot Available
615Eye Makeup ProductsPersonal care & cosmeticsNot Available
617Lip Care ProductsPersonal care & cosmeticsNot Available
618Lip Makeup ProductsPersonal care & cosmeticsNot Available
619Manicure PedicurePersonal care & cosmeticsNot Available
620Card GamesRecreation & sports surfacesNot Available
630ToysRecreation & sports surfacesNot Available
631Anthraquinone DyesTextiles, leather & furnishingsNot Available
632ApparelTextiles, leather & furnishingsNot Available
633Azo DyesTextiles, leather & furnishingsNot Available
638Decorating TextilesTextiles, leather & furnishingsNot Available
642FootwearTextiles, leather & furnishingsNot Available
643HeadwearTextiles, leather & furnishingsNot Available
650Purses Luggage Hand BagsTextiles, leather & furnishingsNot Available
652RopesTextiles, leather & furnishingsNot Available
653SewingTextiles, leather & furnishingsNot Available
655Slide FastenersTextiles, leather & furnishingsNot Available
657Surface Finishing Of LeatherTextiles, leather & furnishingsNot Available
658Touch FastenersTextiles, leather & furnishingsNot Available
659Transfer PrintingTextiles, leather & furnishingsNot Available
662Yarns Or ThreadsTextiles, leather & furnishingsNot Available
Pathways
1 pathway
Targets
StructureProteinUniProt IDOrganismRelationshipDetails
Cytochrome P450 2A6 structureClick to view 3D structureCytochrome P450 2A6P11509HumansPredicted (SEA)1746.47
Cytochrome P450 2C19 structureClick to view 3D structureCytochrome P450 2C19P33261HumansPredicted (SEA)7590.14
Glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta structureClick to view 3D structureGlycogen synthase kinase-3 betaP49841HumansPredicted (SEA)7556.98
Cytochrome P450 1A2 structureClick to view 3D structureCytochrome P450 1A2P05177HumansPredicted (SEA)7650.4
Mitogen-activated protein kinase 9 structureClick to view 3D structureMitogen-activated protein kinase 9P45984HumansPredicted (SEA)7532.77
Fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 structureClick to view 3D structureFibroblast growth factor receptor 1P11362HumansPredicted (SEA)7571.15
cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha structureClick to view 3D structurecAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit alphaP17612HumansPredicted (SEA)7584.77
Ribosomal protein S6 kinase alpha-3 structureClick to view 3D structureRibosomal protein S6 kinase alpha-3P51812HumansPredicted (SEA)7545.61
Protein kinase C delta type structureClick to view 3D structureProtein kinase C delta typeQ05655HumansPredicted (SEA)7563.44
RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase structureClick to view 3D structureRAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinaseP31749HumansPredicted (SEA)7620.82
Click to view 3D structureSerine/threonine-protein kinase MRCK alphaQ5VT25HumansPredicted (SEA)7482.79
MAP/microtubule affinity-regulating kinase 3 structureClick to view 3D structureMAP/microtubule affinity-regulating kinase 3P27448HumansPredicted (SEA)7511.98
RAC-gamma serine/threonine-protein kinase structureClick to view 3D structureRAC-gamma serine/threonine-protein kinaseQ9Y243HumansPredicted (SEA)7561.81
Cyclin-dependent kinase 1 structureClick to view 3D structureCyclin-dependent kinase 1P06493HumansPredicted (SEA)7527.86
Serine/threonine-protein kinase MARK2 structureClick to view 3D structureSerine/threonine-protein kinase MARK2Q7KZI7HumansPredicted (SEA)7468.54
Dual specificity tyrosine-phosphorylation-regulated kinase 1A structureClick to view 3D structureDual specificity tyrosine-phosphorylation-regulated kinase 1AQ13627HumansPredicted (SEA)7570.68
Cytochrome P450 2D6 structureClick to view 3D structureCytochrome P450 2D6P10635HumansPredicted (SEA)7717.43
Casein kinase I isoform alpha structureClick to view 3D structureCasein kinase I isoform alphaP48729HumansPredicted (SEA)7539.31
Dual specificity protein kinase CLK2 structureClick to view 3D structureDual specificity protein kinase CLK2P49760HumansPredicted (SEA)7546.78
Casein kinase I isoform gamma-1 structureClick to view 3D structureCasein kinase I isoform gamma-1Q9HCP0HumansPredicted (SEA)7452.12
Casein kinase I isoform delta structureClick to view 3D structureCasein kinase I isoform deltaP48730HumansPredicted (SEA)7525.53
Serine/threonine-protein kinase pim-1 structureClick to view 3D structureSerine/threonine-protein kinase pim-1P11309HumansPredicted (SEA)7625.95
Aurora kinase A structureClick to view 3D structureAurora kinase AO14965HumansPredicted (SEA)7612.72
3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase 1 structureClick to view 3D structure3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase 1O15530HumansPredicted (SEA)7561.96
Ribosomal protein S6 kinase beta-1 structureClick to view 3D structureRibosomal protein S6 kinase beta-1P23443HumansPredicted (SEA)7593.41
Concentrations
StatusValueUnitSample LocationReference
External Links
DrugBank IDNot Available
HMDB IDHMDB0034176
FooDB IDFDB012468
Phenol Explorer IDNot Available
KNApSAcK IDC00053733
BiGG IDNot Available
BioCyc IDNot Available
METLIN IDNot Available
PDB IDNot Available
Wikipedia LinkPyrazine
Chemspider ID8904
ChEBI ID30953
PubChem Compound ID9261
Kegg Compound IDC02018
YMDB IDNot Available
ECMDB IDNot Available
References
Synthesis ReferenceNot Available
MSDSNot Available
General References
1. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=24964033
2. Yannai, Shmuel. (2004) Dictionary of food compounds with CD-ROM: Additives, flavors, and ingredients. Boca Raton: Chapman & Hall/CRC.